Single material organic solar cells (SMOSCs) are based on ambivalent materials containing electron donor (D) and acceptor (A) units capable to ensure the basic functions of light absorption, exciton dissociation, and charge transport. Compared to bicomponent bulk heterojunctions, SMOSCs present several major advantages such as considerable simplification of cell fabrication and a strong stabilization of the morphology of the D/A interface, and thus of the cell lifetime. In addition to these technical issues, SMOSCs pose fundamental questions regarding the possible formation, and dissociation of excitons on the same molecular D–A architecture. SMOSCs are developed with various approaches, namely “double‐cable” polymers, block copolymers, oligomers, and molecules that differ by the donor platform: polymer or molecule, the nature of A, the D–A connection, and the intra‐ and intermolecular interactions of D and A. Although for several years the maximum efficiency of SMOSCs has remained limited to 1.0–1.5%, impressive progress has been recently accomplished leading to SMOSCs with 4.0–5.0% efficiency. Here, recent advances in the synthesis of D–A materials for SMOSCs are presented in the broader context of the chemistry of organic photovoltaic materials in order to discuss possible directions for future research.

中文翻译：

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单一材料有机太阳能电池的黎明

单一材料有机太阳能电池（SMOSC）基于含有电子供体（D）和受体（A）单元的矛盾材料，能够确保光吸收、激子解离和电荷传输的基本功能。与双组分本体异质结相比，SMOSC 具有几个主要优点，例如电池制造的显着简化以及 D/A 界面形态的高度稳定，从而延长了电池的寿命。除了这些技术问题之外，SMOSC 还提出了有关同一分子 D-A 结构上激子可能形成和解离的基本问题。SMOSC 采用多种方法开发，即“双缆”聚合物、嵌段共聚物、低聚物和因供体平台而异的分子：聚合物或分子、A 的性质、D-A 连接以及分子内和分子间D 和 A 之间的相互作用。虽然多年来 SMOSC 的最大效率一直限制在 1.0-1.5%，但最近取得了令人瞩目的进展，SMOSC 的效率达到了 4.0-5.0%。在这里，在有机光伏材料化学的更广泛背景下介绍了 SMOSC 的 D-A 材料合成的最新进展，以讨论未来研究的可能方向。