Omniphobic surfaces based on reentrant surface structures repel all liquids, regardless of the surface material, without requiring low-surface-energy coatings. Although omniphobic surfaces have been designed and demonstrated, they can fail during condensation, a phenomenon ubiquitous in both nature and industrial applications. Specifically, as condensate nucleates within the reentrant geometry, omniphobicity is destroyed. Here, we show a nanostructured surface that can repel liquids even during condensation. This surface consists of isolated reentrant cavities with a pitch on the order of 100 nm to prevent droplets from nucleating and spreading within all structures. We developed a model to guide surface design and subsequently fabricated and tested these surfaces with various liquids. We demonstrated repellency to 10 °C below the dew point and showed durability over 3 weeks. This work provides important insights for achieving robust, omniphobic surfaces.

中文翻译：

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朝向耐冷凝的憎水表面

基于凹入表面结构的疏油性表面可排斥所有液体，而与表面材料无关，而无需使用低表面能涂层。尽管已经设计并证明了全憎性表面，但它们在凝结过程中可能会失效，这是自然界和工业应用中普遍存在的现象。具体地，当冷凝物在折返几何形状内成核时，全憎性被破坏。在这里，我们显示了即使在冷凝过程中也可以排斥液体的纳米结构表面。该表面由间距为100 nm的孤立凹腔组成，以防止液滴在所有结构中成核并散布。我们开发了一个模型来指导表面设计，随后使用各种液体对这些表面进行了制造和测试。我们证明了在低于露点10°C的条件下具有拒水性，并在3周内显示出耐久性。这项工作为获得坚固，憎水的表面提供了重要的见识。