Biofilms are the most widely distributed and successful microbial modes of life. The capacity of bacteria to colonize surfaces provides stability in the growth environment, allows the capturing of nutrients and affords protection from a range of environmental challenges and stress. Bacteria living in cold environments, like Antarctica, can be found as biofilms, even though the mechanisms of how this lifestyle is related to their environmental adaptation have been poorly investigated. In this paper, the biofilm of Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125, one of the model organisms of cold-adapted bacteria, has been characterized in terms of biofilm typology and matrix composition. The characterization was performed on biofilms produced by the bacterium in response to different nutrient abundance and temperatures; in particular, this is the first report describing the structure of a biofilm formed at 0 °C. The results reported demonstrate that PhTAC125 produces biofilms in different amount and endowed with different physico-chemical properties, like hydrophobicity and roughness, by modulating the relative amount of the different macromolecules present in the biofilm matrix. The capability of PhTAC125 to adopt different biofilm structures in response to environment changes appears to be an interesting adaptation strategy and gives the first hints about the biofilm formation in cold environments.

生物膜是分布最广且最成功的微生物生活模式。细菌在表面定殖的能力在生长环境中提供了稳定性，可以捕获养分并提供保护，使其免受一系列环境挑战和压力的侵害。生活在寒冷环境（如南极洲）中的细菌可以作为生物膜被发现，尽管这种生活方式与其环境适应性相关的机制尚未得到充分研究。本文研究了浮游假单胞菌的生物膜TAC125是冷适应细菌的典范生物之一，已根据生物膜类型和基质组成进行了表征。根据细菌对营养物的丰度和温度的不同，对细菌产生的生物膜进行表征。特别是，这是第一个描述在0°C下形成的生物膜结构的报告。报告的结果表明，通过调节生物膜基质中存在的不同大分子的相对量，Ph TAC125可以产生不同数量的生物膜，并具有不同的理化特性，例如疏水性和粗糙度。Ph的能力TAC125响应环境变化而采用不同的生物膜结构似乎是一种有趣的适应策略，它首次给出了在寒冷环境中生物膜形成的提示。