Impacts of species richness on productivity in a large-scale subtropical forest experiment,Science

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Impacts of species richness on productivity in a large-scale subtropical forest experiment
Science ( IF 56.9 ) Pub Date : 2018-10-04 , DOI: 10.1126/science.aat6405
Yuanyuan Huang ₁ , Yuxin Chen ₁ , Nadia Castro-Izaguirre ₁ , Martin Baruffol _{1,

2} , Matteo Brezzi ₁ , Anne Lang ₃ , Ying Li ₃ , Werner Härdtle ₃ , Goddert von Oheimb _{4,

5} , Xuefei Yang _{6,

7} , Xiaojuan Liu _{1,

8} , Kequan Pei ₈ , Sabine Both ₆ , Bo Yang ₉ , David Eichenberg _{6,

10} , Thorsten Assmann ₃ , Jürgen Bauhus ₁₁ , Thorsten Behrens ₁₂ , François Buscot _{4,

13} , Xiao-Yong Chen ₁₄ , Douglas Chesters ₁₅ , Bing-Yang Ding ₁₆ , Walter Durka _{4,

17} , Alexandra Erfmeier _{4,

18} , Jingyun Fang ₁₉ , Markus Fischer ₂₀ , Liang-Dong Guo ₂₁ , Dali Guo ₂₂ , Jessica L. M. Gutknecht ₂₃ , Jin-Sheng He ₁₉ , Chun-Ling He ₁₅ , Andy Hector ₂₄ , Lydia Hönig ₆ , Ren-Yong Hu ₂₅ , Alexandra-Maria Klein ₂₆ , Peter Kühn ₁₂ , Yu Liang ₈ , Shan Li ₈ , Stefan Michalski ₁₇ , Michael Scherer-Lorenzen ₂₇ , Karsten Schmidt ₁₂ , Thomas Scholten ₁₂ , Andreas Schuldt _{3,

4} , Xuezheng Shi ₂₈ , Man-Zhi Tan ₂₈ , Zhiyao Tang ₁₉ , Stefan Trogisch _{4,

6,

27} , Zhengwen Wang ₂₉ , Erik Welk _{4,

6} , Christian Wirth _{4,

10} , Tesfaye Wubet _{4,

13} , Wenhua Xiang ₃₀ , Mingjian Yu ₃₁ , Xiao-Dong Yu ₁₅ , Jiayong Zhang ₃₂ , Shouren Zhang ₈ , Naili Zhang ₈ , Hong-Zhang Zhou ₁₅ , Chao-Dong Zhu ₁₅ , Li Zhu ₈ , Helge Bruelheide _{4,

6} , Keping Ma ₈ , Pascal A. Niklaus ₁ , Bernhard Schmid ₁

Affiliation

Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, calle 28A # 5-09, Bogotá DC, Colombia.
Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle–Jena–Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, Post Office Box 1117, 01735 Tharandt, Germany.
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany.
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 134, Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650204, China.
State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Biodiversity of Jiangxi Province, Jingdezhen University, 838 Cidu Avenue, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi 333000, China.
Institut für Spezielle Botanik und Funktionelle Biodiversität, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstraße 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
Department of Geosciences, Soil Science and Geomorphology, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 19-23, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Department of Soil Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, ECNU-UH Joint Translational Science and Technology Research Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
School of Life and Environment Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China.
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Department of Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
Institute for Ecosystem Research, Kiel University, Olshausenstraße 75, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
Department of Ecology, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China.
Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland.
State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Department of Soil, Water, and Climate University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA.
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RB, UK.
Department of Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035 China.
Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Freiburg, Germany.
Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Institute of Soil Science, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 China.
Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China.
Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan Province, China.
College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
Institute of Ecology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Road No. 688, Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, China 321004.

Tree diversity improves forest productivity Experimental studies in grasslands have shown that the loss of species has negative consequences for ecosystem functioning. Is the same true for forests? Huang et al. report the first results from a large biodiversity experiment in a subtropical forest in China. The study combines many replicates, realistic tree densities, and large plot sizes with a wide range of species richness levels. After 8 years of the experiment, the findings suggest strong positive effects of tree diversity on forest productivity and carbon accumulation. Thus, changing from monocultures to more mixed forests could benefit both restoration of biodiversity and mitigation of climate change. Science, this issue p. 80 In a replicated experiment in a subtropical forest, higher tree species diversity promoted productivity and carbon storage. Biodiversity experiments have shown that species loss reduces ecosystem functioning in grassland. To test whether this result can be extrapolated to forests, the main contributors to terrestrial primary productivity, requires large-scale experiments. We manipulated tree species richness by planting more than 150,000 trees in plots with 1 to 16 species. Simulating multiple extinction scenarios, we found that richness strongly increased stand-level productivity. After 8 years, 16-species mixtures had accumulated over twice the amount of carbon found in average monocultures and similar amounts as those of two commercial monocultures. Species richness effects were strongly associated with functional and phylogenetic diversity. A shrub addition treatment reduced tree productivity, but this reduction was smaller at high shrub species richness. Our results encourage multispecies afforestation strategies to restore biodiversity and mitigate climate change.

更新日期：2018-10-04

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