The formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in biological systems is increased during hyperglycaemia due to higher levels of circulating glucose and carbonyl reactive species. AGEs are causative factors of common chronic diseases. Since synthetic AGE-inhibitors exert unwanted side effects and polyphenols act as potent antiglycative agents, vegetables (fruits, seeds and related by-products) are good candidates when searching for natural inhibitors. The aim of this research is to explore the suitability of a polyphenol-rich rapeseed cake extract (RCext) to decrease the formation of AGEs in an in vitro model. Different phenols, amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids and fatty acids were identified in the RCext by GC-MS. The results confirm a high concentration of polyphenols (73.85 ± 0.64 and 86.85 ± 2.08 mg of gallic acid equivalents per g of RCext spray dried and freeze dried, respectively) which is correlated with the antioxidant capacity and anti-glycative activity in a dose dependent manner. Rapeseed cake extract (3.7 mg mL⁻¹) significantly reduced the formation of free fluorescent AGEs and pentosidine up to 34.85%. The anti-glycative activity of the extract is likely to be due to the high concentration of sinapinic acid (0.108 ± 0.0043 mg g⁻¹) in its metabolic profile, and the mechanism of action is mediated by methylglyoxal trapping. The results show promising potential for using rapeseed cake extract as a food supplement to ameliorate the formation of AGEs. Rapeseed cake extract should therefore be considered a potential candidate for the prevention of glycation-associated complications of age-related pathologies.

中文翻译：

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油菜籽副产物提取物抗糖化作用的探索性研究

高血糖期间，由于循环葡萄糖和羰基反应性物质的含量较高，生物系统中高级糖基化终产物（AGEs）的形成增加了。AGEs是常见慢性疾病的病因。由于合成的AGE抑制剂会产生有害的副作用，而多酚则是有效的抗糖化剂，因此在寻找天然抑制剂时，蔬菜（水果，种子和相关副产品）是不错的选择。这项研究的目的是探讨富含多酚的菜籽饼提取物（RCext）在体外减少AGEs形成的适用性模型。通过GC-MS在RCext中鉴定出不同的酚，氨基酸，碳水化合物，有机酸和脂肪酸。结果证实了多酚的高浓度（每克RCext喷雾干燥和冷冻干燥的每克RCext分别具有73.85±0.64和86.85±2.08 mg没食子酸当量），这与抗氧化能力和抗糖化活性呈剂量依赖性。 。油菜饼提取物（3.7 mg mL ^-1）显着减少了游离荧光AGEs和戊糖苷的形成，最高降低了34.85％。提取物的抗糖化活性可能是由于高浓度的芥子酸（0.108±0.0043 mg g ^-1）的代谢过程，其作用机理是通过甲基乙二醛捕集介导的。结果表明，使用菜籽饼提取物作为食品补充剂改善AGEs的潜力很大。因此，菜籽饼提取物应被认为是预防年龄相关性疾病的糖化相关并发症的潜在候选者。