Biomass burning (BB) in North China Plain has been urgent issue in recent years due to the severe environmental impaction. Bacteria and fungi are ubiquitous in particulate matter. Their taxonomic composition, concentration, ecophysiological functions have potentially important implications in atmospheric biochemical cycle and human health. However, current knowledge about airborne microbes during biomass burning period is scant. Here we investigated bacterial and fungal community composition, abundance and potential function in Yucheng, the center of the North China Plain during summer harvest season in 2014. Monthly field observation suggested serious pollution with high concentration of PM_2.5 and water-soluble ions during biomass burning period. Elevated total bacterial and fungal concentration determined by real-time quantitative PCR was observed for samples during burning events. The predominant bacterial taxa were gram-negative, e.g. Acinetobacter, Cyanobacterium, Janthinobacterium, Massilia, Pseudomonas, accounted for 70.9% of total bacteria. The filamentous fungi Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium and Penicillium were predominant fungal genera. Metastats analysis showed significant disparity in terms of carbohydrate, amino acids metabolism, human and plant disease predicted by PICRUSt analysis between BB and non-BB events. Microbial community structure were mainly influenced by organic carbon and water-soluble ions (magnesium and potassium) suggested by redundancy analysis (RDA) and co-occurrence analysis. Our data yielded insights into microbial community dynamics following biomass burning disturbance. This study may provide potentially important reference for environmental, agricultural and health management.

由于严重的环境影响，近年来华北平原的生物质燃烧（BB）已成为迫在眉睫的问题。细菌和真菌普遍存在于颗粒物质中。它们的生物分类组成，浓度，生态生理功能对大气生化循环和人类健康具有潜在的重要意义。然而，目前关于生物质燃烧期间空气传播微生物的知识很少。在这里，我们调查了2014年夏季收获季节期间华北平原中心的禹城的细菌和真菌群落组成，丰度和潜在功能。每月的野外观察表明，PM _2.5浓度较高时会造成严重污染。生物质燃烧期间的水溶性离子和水溶性离子。在燃烧过程中，通过实时定量PCR测定的样品中细菌和真菌的总浓度升高。主要的细菌类群为革兰氏阴性，例如不动杆菌，蓝细菌，詹氏杆菌，马西利亚，假单胞菌，占总细菌的70.9％。丝状真菌链格孢，曲霉，枝孢和青霉属是真菌的主要属。元数据分析显示，在碳水化合物，氨基酸代谢，人类和通过PICRUSt分析在BB事件和非BB事件之间预测的植物病害。冗余分析（RDA）和共现分析表明，微生物群落结构主要受有机碳和水溶性离子（镁和钾）的影响。我们的数据提供了对生物量燃烧扰动后微生物群落动态的见解。这项研究可能为环境，农业和健康管理提供潜在的重要参考。