Intensive agricultural activities have caused land degradation due to soil pollution, particularly by pesticides. However, the degradation, metabolism, and toxicity of chiral pesticides by soil microorganisms are often enantioselective. This study aimed to determine the effect of chirality on the degradation of the enantiomers of ethiprole in soil and their impact on soil microbial communities. (R)‐ethiprole underwent directional chiral conversion to the (S)‐enantiomer in a paddy soil microcosm, leading to elevated concentrations of (S)‐ethiprole. Initially, the bacterial operational taxonomic units significantly decreased after 3 days of incubation with rac‐ethiprole, (R)‐ethiprole, and (S)‐ethiprole but gradually increased in the later stage. Principal coordinate analysis revealed that the bacterial community structure was enantioselectively affected by the ethiprole enantiomers. Within 3 days, both rac‐ethiprole and (R)‐ethiprole reshaped the original stochastic microbial community into a deterministic community (variable selection). Thus, we propose that the enantioselective behavior and ecotoxicology of chiral pesticides need to be considered, especially because there are numerous chiral pesticides currently in use within agricultural management. The comprehensive understanding of the ecological risk of chiral pesticide enantiomers is vital to the process of improving sustainable production and environmental health in agricultural ecosystems.

中文翻译：

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手性农药乙啶降解对映体的选择性和生态风险

密集的农业活动由于土壤污染，尤其是农药污染，导致土地退化。但是，土壤微生物对手性农药的降解，代谢和毒性通常是对映选择性的。这项研究旨在确定手性对土壤中乙腈对映体降解的影响及其对土壤微生物群落的影响。（R）-乙丙胺在稻田土壤微观世界中发生了手性向（S）-对映异构体的手性转化，导致（S）-乙丙的浓度升高。最初，在与rac- ethiprole，（R）-ethiprole和（S乙乙脯氨酸，但在后期逐渐增加。主坐标分析表明，细菌的群落结构受到乙腈对映异构体的对映选择性影响。在3天之内，rac- ethiprole和（R）-ethiprole都将原始的随机微生物群落重塑为确定性群落（变量选择）。因此，我们建议需要考虑手性农药的对映选择性行为和生态毒理学，尤其是因为农业管理中目前正在使用许多手性农药。全面了解手性农药对映异构体的生态风险对于改善农业生态系统的可持续生产和环境健康至关重要。