The enhancement of adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and sufficient vascularization remain great challenges for the successful reconstruction of engineered adipose tissue. Here, the bioactive effects of silicon (Si) ions on adipogenic differentiation of human BMSCs (HBMSCs) and the stimulation of vascularization during adipose tissue regeneration are reported. The results show that Si ions can enhance adipogenic differentiation of HBMSCs through the stimulation of the expression of adipogenic differentiation switches such as peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α. Furthermore, Si ions can enhance both angiogenesis and adipogenesis, and inhibit dedifferentiation of cocultured adipocytes by regulating the interactions between HBMSC‐derived adipocytes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, in which the promotion of the expression of insulin‐like growth factor 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor plays vital roles. The in vivo studies further demonstrate that the designed composite hydrogel with the ability to release bioactive Si ions clearly stimulates neovascularization and adipose tissue regeneration. The study suggests that Si ions released from biomaterials are important chemical cues for adipogenic differentiation and biomaterials with the ability to release Si ions can be designed for adipose tissue engineering.

中文翻译：

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用于血管化脂肪组织工程的硅增强脂肪生成和血管生成

骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSC）的成脂分化增强和足够的血管化仍然是工程化脂肪组织成功重建的巨大挑战。在此，报道了硅 (Si) 离子对人骨髓间充质干细胞 (HBMSC) 脂肪形成分化的生物活性作用以及在脂肪组织再生过程中刺激血管形成的作用。结果表明，Si离子可以通过刺激过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ和CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白α等脂肪形成分化开关的表达来增强HBMSCs的脂肪形成分化。此外，Si离子可以增强血管生成和脂肪生成，并通过调节HBMSC来源的脂肪细胞与人脐静脉内皮细胞之间的相互作用来抑制共培养脂肪细胞的去分化，其中促进胰岛素样生长因子1和血管内皮细胞的表达生长因子起着至关重要的作用。体内研究进一步表明，所设计的复合水凝胶能够释放生物活性硅离子，明显刺激新血管形成和脂肪组织再生。该研究表明，生物材料释放的硅离子是脂肪形成分化的重要化学线索，具有释放硅离子能力的生物材料可以设计用于脂肪组织工程。