Electrospun mats have many possible applications in which it is important to control their interaction with water: when used as separation membranes, superhydrophobic mats can remove oil from water, whereas when used as scaffolds for tissue engineering, hydrophilic mats present better cell affinity. Frequently, however, the surface properties of the polymer fibers that compose the mat need to be modified and tuned. This review covers the main surface modification techniques used to change the water wettability of mats produced by electrospinning. Some basic aspects of the electrospinning process and wetting theories are presented as a starting point for the discussion, highlighting the common wetting switching mechanism found in highly porous structures like electrospun mats. The surface modification techniques are then classified as post-treatments or one-step modification during electrospinning. The fundamental aspects of each technique are followed by a discussion emphasizing their technical advantages and drawbacks.

中文翻译：

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表面改性以控制电纺垫的水润湿性

电纺垫具有许多可能的应用，其中重要的是控制它们与水的相互作用：当用作分离膜时，超疏水垫可从水中去除油，而当用作组织工程的支架时，亲水垫则具有更好的细胞亲和力。然而，经常需要对构成垫的聚合物纤维的表面性质进行改性和调整。这篇综述涵盖了主要的表面改性技术，这些技术用于改变通过静电纺丝生产的垫子的水润湿性。介绍了静电纺丝工艺和润湿理论的一些基本方面，作为讨论的起点，重点介绍了在高度多孔的结构（如静电纺垫）中发现的常见润湿转换机制。然后将表面改性技术分类为静电纺丝过程中的后处理或一步改性。在每种技术的基本方面之后，进行了讨论，着重强调了它们的技术优点和缺点。