The rising number of airplanes and UAVs requiring connectivity in the sky puts high demands on all types of networks. In areas without DA2GC coverage, such as sea or oceans, the only option is SC. However, the capacity of SC is limited and insufficient in some cases. Therefore, an extension of DA2GC by A2AC and integration of A2AC and SC is a promising solution to improve available capacity. The main aim of this article is to evaluate limits of SC and A2AC in terms of maximum available capacity and maximum range. The results show that A2AC through DA2GC backhauling is able to overcome capacity available by SC on certain conditions while flying close to the mainland. Integration of A2AC and SC can significantly improve data rate available for UAVs and airplanes, especially if the sky cannot be covered by DA2GC only. Our results show that A2AC can provide capacity up to 93 Mb/s, and it can even exceed the capacity of SC when DA2GC and A2AC distances are short. When SC is overloaded, A2AC can be used instead to provide airplanes with capacity of 37 Mb/s up to 432 km DA2GC distance and 340 km A2AC distance. Besides the evaluation of both networks, the article also summarizes and discusses potential challenges and open issues of integration that need to be considered on the way to successful cooperation of both networks.

中文翻译：

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异构飞行器的卫星和空中通信的集成

要求空中连接的飞机和无人机的数量不断增加，这对所有类型的网络都提出了很高的要求。在没有DA2GC覆盖的区域，例如海洋，唯一的选择是SC。但是，SC的能力是有限的，在某些情况下还不够。因此，通过A2AC扩展DA2GC以及将A2AC与SC集成是提高可用容量的有前途的解决方案。本文的主要目的是根据最大可用容量和最大范围来评估SC和A2AC的限制。结果表明，通过DA2GC回程进行的A2AC能够克服SC在某些条件下在靠近大陆飞行时的可用容量。A2AC和SC的集成可以显着提高可用于无人机和飞机的数据速率，尤其是在仅DA2GC无法覆盖天空的情况下。我们的结果表明，A2AC可以提供高达93 Mb / s的容量，当DA2GC和A2AC距离较短时，它甚至可以超过SC的容量。当SC过载时，可以使用A2AC来提供容量为37 Mb / s的飞机，最大飞行距离为432 km DA2GC和340 km A2AC。除了对这两个网络进行评估之外，本文还总结并讨论了在两个网络成功合作的过程中需要考虑的潜在挑战和集成的开放性问题。