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Dynamic DNA methylation: In the right place at the right time
Science ( IF 56.9 ) Pub Date : 2018-09-27 , DOI: 10.1126/science.aat6806
Chongyuan Luo 1, 2 , Petra Hajkova 3, 4 , Joseph R Ecker 1, 2
Affiliation  

The classical model of cytosine DNA methylation (the presence of 5-methylcytosine, 5mC) regulation depicts this covalent modification as a stable repressive regulator of promoter activity. However, whole-genome analysis of 5mC reveals widespread tissue- and cell type–specific patterns and pervasive dynamics during mammalian development. Here we review recent findings that delineate 5mC functions in developmental stages and diverse genomic compartments as well as discuss the molecular mechanisms that connect transcriptional regulation and 5mC. Beyond the newly appreciated dynamics, regulatory roles for 5mC have been suggested in new biological contexts, such as learning and memory or aging. The use of new single-cell measurement techniques and precise editing tools will enable functional analyses of 5mC in gene expression, clarifying its role in various biological processes.

中文翻译:

动态 DNA 甲基化:在正确的时间发生在正确的地点

胞嘧啶 DNA 甲基化(存在 5-甲基胞嘧啶,5mC)调节的经典模型将这种共价修饰描述为启动子活性的稳定抑制调节因子。然而,5mC 的全基因组分析揭示了哺乳动物发育过程中广泛的组织和细胞类型特异性模式和普遍动态。在这里,我们回顾了描述 5mC 在发育阶段和不同基因组区室中功能的最新发现,并讨论了连接转录调控和 5mC 的分子机制。除了新近认识到的动态之外,5mC 的调节作用也被认为在新的生物环境中发挥着作用,例如学习和记忆或衰老。使用新的单细胞测量技术和精确编辑工具将能够对基因表达中的5mC进行功能分析,阐明其在各种生物过程中的作用。
更新日期:2018-09-27
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