Wheat bread is a widely consumed food and is suitable for the introduction of functional ingredients. The aim of this work was to study the effects of bread with garlic and resistant starch as a fiber source on physiological, metabolic, and functional parameters using an in vivo Wistar rat model. Rats were fed with three diets: a control diet prepared according to the American Institute of Nutrition (C), and two semisynthetic diets containing wheat bread (B) and wheat bread with garlic, resistant starch and calcium citrate (BGR). Fresh feces were weighed and lactobacilli (L) and Enterobacteriaceae (E) were analyzed at different times: 1, 20, 45 and 60 days. The pH of the caecal content was recorded and at the end of the study changes in the bone mineral density of total skeleton (ts BMD), femur (F-BMD), spine (S-BMD) and tibia (T-BMD) were determined. Lipoprotein profile was assessed, atherogenic indexes were calculated and malonaldehyde content was measured in the serum and liver. In relation to gut microbiota, the BGR group showed an increase in the L/E ratio with respect to the other groups which was correlated with a lower cecal pH. Besides, the BGR group presented lower weight and a more favourable metabolic profile. In relation to bone measurements, the BGR group presented higher values of ts BMC, ts BMD, F-BMD, and T-BMD than the B group. Thus, bread with resistant starch, garlic and calcium citrate showed a prebiotic effect increasing calcium bioavailability and deposition in bones, compared with wheat bread. The observed beneficial health effects allow us to consider the design of healthier breads.

中文翻译：

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摄取添加了大蒜和抗性淀粉的白小麦面包的影响：对生长中的Wistar大鼠钙生物利用度和代谢参数的影响

小麦面包是一种广泛消费的食品，适合用于引入功能性成分。这项工作的目的是使用活体内研究以大蒜和抗性淀粉为纤维源的面包对生理，代谢和功能参数的影响Wistar大鼠模型。给大鼠喂食三种饮食：根据美国营养学会（C）制备的对照饮食，以及两种包含小麦面包（B）和小麦面包以及大蒜，抗性淀粉和柠檬酸钙（BGR）的半合成饮食。称量新鲜的粪便，并在不同的时间（1、20、45和60天）分析乳酸杆菌（L）和肠杆菌科（E）。记录盲肠内容物的pH值，并在研究结束时改变总骨骼（ts BMD），股骨（F-BMD），脊柱（S-BMD）和胫骨（T-BMD）的骨矿物质密度。决心。评估脂蛋白谱，计算动脉粥样硬化指数，并测量血清和肝脏中丙二醛含量。关于肠道菌群，BGR组相对于其他组显示L / E比增加，这与盲肠pH较低有关。此外，BGR组的体重较轻，代谢特征更佳。关于骨骼测量，BGR组的ts BMC，ts BMD，F-BMD和T-BMD值高于B组。因此，与小麦面包相比，具有抗性淀粉，大蒜和柠檬酸钙的面包表现出益生元的作用，从而增加了钙的生物利用度和在骨骼中的沉积。观察到的有益健康的影响使我们可以考虑设计更健康的面包。与小麦面包相比，具有抗性淀粉，大蒜和柠檬酸钙的面包显示出益生元的作用，从而增加了钙的生物利用度和在骨骼中的沉积。观察到的有益健康影响使我们可以考虑设计更健康的面包。与小麦面包相比，具有抗性淀粉，大蒜和柠檬酸钙的面包显示出益生元的作用，从而增加了钙的生物利用度和在骨骼中的沉积。观察到的有益健康影响使我们可以考虑设计更健康的面包。