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Is large good enough? Evaluating and improving representation of ecoregions and habitat types in the European Union's protected area network Natura 2000
Biological Conservation ( IF 5.9 ) Pub Date : 2018-11-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2018.09.024
Anke Müller , Uwe A. Schneider , Kerstin Jantke

Abstract Natura 2000, the largest protected area network worldwide, covers 18.2% of the European Union's terrestrial area. Thereby, the network surpasses the goal of the Convention on Biological Diversity's Aichi target 11 to protect 17% of the land area by 2020. However, Aichi target 11 also calls for protected area networks to be ecologically representative. Here, we analyzed the coverage of 43 ecoregions in the terrestrial Natura 2000 estate. To simulate cost-efficient closing of gaps in the current system, we applied a linear programming model that solves the minimum set conservation problem of expanding the Natura 2000 network to achieve 10% ecoregion representation. As Natura 2000 sites are designated for habitat types and species listed on the annexes of the Habitats and Birds directives, we included 226 habitat types as a further biodiversity surrogate in the optimization. We found six ecoregions that currently do not meet the 10% representation target. To close these gaps, an additional 15,187 km2 (0.35% of the European Union's land territory) would be required. Simultaneously, representation of 21 habitat types could be increased. The United Kingdom would have to contribute more than half of the additional area, followed by Estonia, Latvia, France, and Italy. To protect biodiversity effectively and to comply with international conservation targets such as Aichi target 11, we recommend continuous evaluation and improvement also of already well-established protected area networks.

中文翻译:

大就够了吗?评估和改进生态区和栖息地类型在欧盟保护区网络 Natura 2000 中的代表性

摘要 Natura 2000 是世界上最大的保护区网络,覆盖了欧盟陆地面积的 18.2%。因此,该网络超越了《生物多样性公约》爱知目标 11 的目标,即到 2020 年保护 17% 的土地面积。然而,爱知目标 11 也要求保护区网络具有生态代表性。在这里,我们分析了陆地 Natura 2000 庄园中 43 个生态区的覆盖范围。为了模拟当前系统中具有成本效益的差距缩小,我们应用了线性规划模型,该模型解决了扩展 Natura 2000 网络以实现 10% 生态区域表示的最小集守恒问题。由于 Natura 2000 站点被指定用于栖息地和鸟类指令附件中列出的栖息地类型和物种,我们在优化中包含了 226 种栖息地类型作为进一步的生物多样性替代物。我们发现了六个目前未达到 10% 代表性目标的生态区。为了缩小这些差距,还需要额外的 15,187 平方公里(欧盟陆地面积的 0.35%)。同时,可以增加 21 种栖息地类型的代表性。英国将不得不贡献一半以上的额外面积,其次是爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、法国和意大利。为了有效保护生物多样性并遵守爱知目标 11 等国际保护目标,我们建议对已经建立的保护区网络进行持续评估和改进。将需要额外的 15,187 平方公里(欧盟陆地领土的 0.35%)。同时,可以增加 21 种栖息地类型的代表性。英国将不得不贡献一半以上的额外面积,其次是爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、法国和意大利。为了有效保护生物多样性并遵守爱知目标 11 等国际保护目标,我们建议对已经建立的保护区网络进行持续评估和改进。将需要额外的 15,187 平方公里(欧盟陆地领土的 0.35%)。同时,可以增加 21 种栖息地类型的代表性。英国将不得不贡献一半以上的额外面积,其次是爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、法国和意大利。为了有效保护生物多样性并遵守爱知目标 11 等国际保护目标,我们建议对已经建立的保护区网络进行持续评估和改进。
更新日期:2018-11-01
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