Neandertal manual activities, as previously reconstructed from their robust hand skeletons, are thought to involve systematic power grasping rather than precise hand movements. However, this interpretation is at odds with increasing archeological evidence for sophisticated cultural behavior. We reevaluate the manipulative behaviors of Neandertals and early modern humans using a historical reference sample with extensive genealogical and lifelong occupational documentation, in combination with a new and precise three-dimensional multivariate analysis of hand muscle attachments. Results show that Neandertal muscle marking patterns overlap exclusively with documented lifelong precision workers, reflecting systematic precision grasping consistent with the use of their associated cultural remains. Our findings challenge the established interpretation of Neandertal behavior and establish a solid link between biological and cultural remains in the fossil record.

中文翻译：

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尼安德特人日常活动中精确掌握的证据。

尼安德特人的手工活动，如先前从其坚固的手骨骼中重建的，被认为涉及系统的力量掌握而不是精确的手部动作。但是，这种解释与复杂文化行为的考古证据不断增加背道而驰。我们使用具有大量家谱和终生职业文献的历史参考样本，结合新的和精确的手部肌肉附着三维三维分析，来重新评估尼安德特人和早期现代人类的操纵行为。结果表明，尼安德特人的肌肉标记图案仅与有记录的终生精密工重叠，反映出系统精确地掌握其相关文化遗迹的用途。