Abstract The Haihe River Basin has become a watershed that suffers from intensive interference from human activities, as landscape patterns and runoff processes have significantly changed in recent decades. Investigating the effect of landscape patterns on surface runoff is helpful for establishing the synergistic evolution relationship between the landscape and the hydrological cycle, providing a theoretical basis and effective way for the future management of water resources. In this study, a landscape metrics approach is used to describe the spatial patterns of landscapes, measure changes in landscape patterns, and relate spatial patterns to surface runoff processes of water resources at a watershed scale. Given that commonly used landscape metrics not considering undulating terrain characteristics, soil properties and landcover conditions, which have significant effects on the surface runoff, a Runoff Landscape Index (RLI) is developed to evaluate the effect of watershed landscape factors on surface runoff. Factors relating to landcover, soil and topography are analyzed, weighed, and integrated during the indicator development. Then, correlation between landscape indicators (RLI and commonly used indicators) and surface runoff is examined. The results show a significant positive correlation between RLI and surface runoff, and the average correlation coefficient is 0.831, much greater than the correlation coefficients for commonly used landscape indices. With potential applications for remote sensing and GIS technology, RLI could be used to efficiently predict annual runoff in ungauged basins even in future land cover scenarios and possibly provide a new perspective for water resource management at the river basin scale.

中文翻译：

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开发景观指标来评估景观格局对海河流域地表径流的影响

摘要 近几十年来，海河流域的景观格局和径流过程发生了显着变化，已成为人类活动强烈干扰的分水岭。研究景观格局对地表径流的影响，有助于建立景观与水文循环的协同演化关系，为未来水资源管理提供理论依据和有效途径。在这项研究中，景观度量方法用于描述景观的空间格局，衡量景观格局的变化，并将空间格局与流域尺度的水资源地表径流过程联系起来。鉴于常用的景观指标没有考虑起伏的地形特征、土壤特性和土地覆盖条件，径流景观指数 (RLI) 用于评估流域景观因子对地表径流的影响。在指标制定过程中，对与土地覆盖、土壤和地形有关的因素进行了分析、权衡和综合。然后，检查景观指标（RLI 和常用指标）与地表径流之间的相关性。结果表明，RLI与地表径流呈显着正相关，平均相关系数为0.831，远大于常用景观指数的相关系数。随着遥感和地理信息系统技术的潜在应用，