Although the lithium–sulfur battery exhibits high capacity and energy density, the cycling performance is severely retarded by dendrite formation and side-reactions of the lithium metal anode and the shuttle effect of polysulfides. Therefore, exploring lithium rich-alloy (or compound) anodes and suppressing the shuttling of polysulfides have become practical technical challenges for the commercialization of lithium–sulfur batteries. Here, a lithium ion sulfur full battery system combining a lithium-rich Li–Si alloy anode and sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (S@pPAN) cathode has been proposed. The free-standing CNF matrix supported Li–Si alloy anode is prepared by a simple and effective method, which is practical for scale-up production. The obtained Li–Si alloy anode demonstrates high cycling stability without dendrite growth, while the use of the S@pPAN cathode avoids the shuttle effect in carbonate electrolytes. The constructed Li–Si/S@pPAN battery could be cycled more than 1000 times at 1C and 3000 times at 3C, with a capacity fading rate of 0.01% and 0.03% per cycle. The exceptional performance should originate from the stable integrated anode structure and the excellent compatibility of the S@pPAN cathode and Li–Si alloy anode with carbonate electrolytes.

中文翻译：

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高性能锂离子硫电池，带有独立式碳基质支撑的富锂合金阳极†

尽管锂硫电池显示出高容量和高能量密度，但锂金属阳极的枝晶形成和副反应以及多硫化物的穿梭效应严重阻碍了循环性能。因此，探索锂富合金（或化合物）阳极并抑制多硫化物的穿梭已经成为锂硫电池商业化的实际技术挑战。在这里，已经提出了一种锂离子硫充满电池系统，该系统将富锂Li-Si合金阳极和硫化聚丙烯腈（S @ pPAN）阴极结合在一起。独立的CNF基质支撑的Li-Si合金阳极是通过简单有效的方法制备的，该方法可用于大规模生产。获得的Li-Si合金阳极显示出高的循环稳定性，而没有枝晶生长，而使用S @ pPAN阴极避免了碳酸盐电解质中的穿梭效应。内置的Li-Si / S @ pPAN电池在1C时可循环1000次以上，在3C时可循环3000次，每个循环的容量衰减率为0.01％和0.03％。优异的性能应源于稳定的集成阳极结构以及S @ pPAN阴极和Li-Si合金阳极与碳酸盐电解质的优异相容性。