The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of black sesame seeds ethanol extract (BSSEE) against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in fructose-fed mice. Mice were fed a standard diet without or with 30% fructose in drinking water for 8 consecutive weeks, while mice in three BSSEE tested groups received different doses of BSSEE (0.5, 1, and 2 mL/kg) once a day from the fifth week to the eighth week. Administration of BSSEE dose-dependently exerted antiobesity and protective effect against metabolism disorder in fructose-fed mice. Histological examinations indicated that administration of BSSEE obviously reduced hepatic lipid accumulation. Insulin tolerance test (ITT) and glucose tolerance test (GTT) along with decreases of serum insulin and glucose levels by BSSEE treatment suggested the improvement of body insulin resistance, and administration of 1 and 2 mL/kg BSSEE mitigated liver insulin resistance as the evidence of downregulated expression of phospho-JNK1/2/3, phospho-NF-κB p65, phospho-IRS1, and phospho-IKK alpha/beta, up-regulated XBP1 expression, and reductions of TNF-α and IL-6 levels. In addition, BSSEE treatment ameliorated hepatic oxidative stress through increasing GSH, vitamin C, and Nrf2 levels, decreasing MDA and NO levels, and enhancing SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities. These results demonstrated that BSSEE showed protective effects against NAFLD-related metabolic diseases in fructose-fed mice. Therefore, BSSEE may be a potent dietary supplement to ameliorate the diseases.

中文翻译：

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黑芝麻种子乙醇提取物可改善果糖诱导的非酒精性脂肪肝疾病的肝脂质蓄积，氧化应激和胰岛素抵抗

本研究的目的是研究黑芝麻乙醇提取物（BSSEE）对果糖喂养小鼠的非酒精性脂肪肝疾病（NAFLD）的影响。连续8周给小鼠喂食不含或含30％果糖的标准饮食，而三个BSSEE测试组的小鼠从第五周开始每天接受不同剂量的BSSEE（0.5、1和2 mL / kg）到第八周。在果糖喂养的小鼠中，BSSEE的剂量依赖性地发挥抗肥胖作用和对代谢紊乱的保护作用。组织学检查表明，BSSEE的给药明显减少了肝脂质的积累。胰岛素耐受性测试（ITT）和葡萄糖耐量测试（GTT）以及BSSEE治疗可降低血清胰岛素和葡萄糖水平，提示机体胰岛素抵抗有所改善，并给予1和2 mL / kg BSSEE可以减轻肝脏胰岛素抵抗，这是磷酸JNK1 / 2/3，磷酸NNF-κBp65，磷酸IRS1和磷酸IKKα/β表达下调的证据。调节XBP1的表达，并降低TNF-α和IL-6的水平。此外，BSSEE治疗可通过增加GSH，维生素C和Nrf2水平，降低MDA和NO水平以及增强SOD，CAT和GSH-Px活性来减轻肝脏的氧化应激。这些结果表明，BSSEE在果糖喂养的小鼠中显示出针对与NAFLD相关的代谢性疾病的保护作用。因此，BSSEE可能是改善疾病的有效膳食补充剂。磷酸化IKKα/β，XBP1表达上调以及TNF-α和IL-6水平降低。此外，BSSEE治疗可通过增加GSH，维生素C和Nrf2水平，降低MDA和NO水平以及增强SOD，CAT和GSH-Px活性来减轻肝脏的氧化应激。这些结果表明，BSSEE对果糖喂养的小鼠显示出与NAFLD相关的代谢性疾病的保护作用。因此，BSSEE可能是改善疾病的有效膳食补充剂。磷酸化IKKα/β，XBP1表达上调以及TNF-α和IL-6水平降低。此外，BSSEE治疗可通过增加GSH，维生素C和Nrf2水平，降低MDA和NO水平以及增强SOD，CAT和GSH-Px活性来减轻肝脏的氧化应激。这些结果表明，BSSEE在果糖喂养的小鼠中显示出针对与NAFLD相关的代谢性疾病的保护作用。因此，BSSEE可能是改善疾病的有效膳食补充剂。这些结果表明，BSSEE在果糖喂养的小鼠中显示出针对与NAFLD相关的代谢性疾病的保护作用。因此，BSSEE可能是改善疾病的有效膳食补充剂。这些结果表明，BSSEE在果糖喂养的小鼠中显示出针对与NAFLD相关的代谢性疾病的保护作用。因此，BSSEE可能是改善疾病的有效膳食补充剂。