One of the critical and emerging needs for sustainable energy production is the development of novel integrated approaches for the capture, conversion, and storage of CO₂. In this context, carbon mineralization, which is a thermodynamically downhill route for the accelerated conversion of CO₂ to water-insoluble and stable calcium and magnesium carbonates, is a sustainable approach for permanently storing CO₂. However, one of the challenges with carbon mineralization has been the need for higher concentrations of CO₂ to accelerate the formation of calcium and magnesium carbonates. In this study, we propose a direct integrated approach in which amine-bearing solvents, such as monoethanolamine (MEA), and alkaline Ca-bearing solids, such as calcium oxide and calcium silicate, are reacted in a slurry reaction system in two modes. These two modes involve in situ changes in the aqueous chemistry to facilitate the capture of CO₂ using MEA and the release of CO₂ into the aqueous phase to produce higher conversions of calcium carbonate. In the first mode, continuous CO₂ flow at 1 atm is provided such that MEA in the aqueous phase captures CO₂ and supplies the captured carbon-bearing species for reaction with dissolved calcium. In the second mode, MEA pre-loaded with CO₂ was introduced into the system without a continuous supply of CO₂. Complete conversion of calcium oxide to calcium carbonate was achieved using both modes. Further, the extent of carbon mineralization achieved with calcium silicate was 36% in mode 1 as opposed to 20% in mode 2 at 50 °C for a reaction time of 3 h. These data suggested that amine-bearing solvents undergo continuous looping between the CO₂-loaded and release states, which facilitate the accelerated conversion of calcium-bearing oxides and silicates to calcium carbonate. The formation of calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide phases was noted when less than complete conversions of calcium oxide were achieved. Calcium carbonate was the only phase formed on the complete conversion of calcium oxide and the carbon mineralization of carbon dioxide.

中文翻译：

---

集成的CO ₂捕集，转化和储存，利用胺环化策略生产碳酸钙

可持续能源生产的关键和新兴需求之一是开发用于捕获，转化和存储CO ₂的新型集成方法。在这种情况下，碳矿化是一种将CO ₂加速转化为水不溶性和稳定的碳酸钙和碳酸镁的热力学下坡路线，是永久存储CO ₂的可持续方法。然而，碳矿化的挑战之一是需要更高浓度的CO _2。促进碳酸钙和碳酸镁的形成。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种直接集成的方法，在该方法中，含淤浆的溶剂（例如单乙醇胺（MEA））和含碱钙的固体（例如氧化钙和硅酸钙）在淤浆反应系统中以两种方式进行反应。这两种模式涉及水化学的原位变化，以利于使用MEA捕获CO ₂以及将CO ₂释放到水相中以产生更高的碳酸钙转化率。在第一模式中，提供了在1个大气压下连续的CO ₂流量，以使水相中的MEA捕获CO _2。并提供捕获的含碳物质，使其与溶解的钙反应。在第二种模式下，将预装了CO _2的MEA引入到系统中，而无需连续供应CO ₂。使用两种模式都可以将氧化钙完全转化为碳酸钙。此外，在50℃下反应3小时，用硅酸钙实现的碳矿化程度在模式1下为36％，而在模式2下为20％。这些数据表明，含胺溶剂在CO ₂之间经历连续循环。加载和释放状态，这有助于将含钙氧化物和硅酸盐加速转化为碳酸钙。当达到少于完全的氧化钙转化率时，表明形成了碳酸钙和氢氧化钙相。碳酸钙是在氧化钙完全转化和二氧化碳碳矿化过程中形成的唯一相。