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Fracture toughness of glass ionomers measured with two different methods.
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2018-09-20 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.09.020
Negin Alvanforoush 1 , Rebecca Wong 1 , Michael Burrow 1 , Joseph Palamara 1
Affiliation  

Glass Ionomer Cements (GICs) are brittle materials with low fracture toughness and strength. Therefore, understanding the fracture toughness is an important parameter to know, due to GICs being promoted for load-bearing restorations. Also, little is known about the effects of artificial saliva (AS) on fracture toughness of GICs. This project aimed to study the effects of storage and compare two different fracture toughness test methods, namely: Compact-Tension test and 4-point bending test. Samples were made from a Zinc-reinforced-GIC (ChemFil), High viscosity bulk-fill-GIC (HV) with and without LC-coating (EQUIA), Resin-Modified GIC (RM-GIC) (Riva-LC), HV-RMGIC (Riva-HV-LC) and flowable bulk-fill Giomer (Beautifil-Bulk Flowable) using a custom-made mould. Specimens were stored in either AS or distilled-water (DW) for 7 or 30 days. After storage, specimens were tested for fracture toughness. Results were analysed with Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mann-Whitney and Weibull statistics. ANOVA showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) between methods, however the same trend among materials was observed in both methods. Some materials showed significantly higher values for samples stored in DW and others revealed the same trend but were not significant. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) mean fracture toughness values were observed for materials stored for 30 days. Since both fracture toughness test methods revealed the same fracture toughness strength order among materials, either test appears appropriate. GICs maturation led to a difference between 7 and 30-day results. The AS used had a high ionic strength compared to DW, which may have led to increased solubility of GICs and consequently to the reduced fracture toughness values. The results revealed that coating the GIC has a protective effect against storage media.



中文翻译:

用两种不同的方法测量玻璃离聚物的断裂韧性。

玻璃离子聚合物(GIC)是脆性材料,具有较低的断裂韧性和强度。因此,了解断裂韧性是一个重要的参数,因为GIC被提升为承重修复体。而且,关于人工唾液(AS)对GIC断裂韧性的影响知之甚少。该项目旨在研究储存的影响,并比较两种不同的断裂韧性测试方法:紧凑拉伸测试和四点弯曲测试。样品由锌增强GIC(ChemFil),具有和不具有LC涂层(EQUIA)的高粘度批量填充GIC(HV),树脂改性GIC(RM-GIC)(Riva-LC),HV制成-RMGIC(Riva-HV-LC)和可流动的批量填充Giomer(Beautifil-Bulk Flowable)使用定制模具。标本在AS或蒸馏水(DW)中保存7或30天。储存后 测试样品的断裂韧性。使用方差分析(ANOVA),Mann-Whitney和Weibull统计分析结果。方差分析显示两种方法之间存在显着差异(P <0.05),但是两种方法在材料之间都观察到相同的趋势。有些材料对DW中存储的样品显示出明显更高的值,而其他材料则显示出相同的趋势,但并不显着。储存30天的材料的平均断裂韧性值明显更高(P <0.05)。由于两种断裂韧性测试方法均显示出材料之间的断裂韧性强度顺序相同,因此两种测试均适用。GIC的成熟导致7天和30天结果之间的差异。与DW相比,所用的AS具有较高的离子强度,这可能导致GIC的溶解度增加,进而导致断裂韧性值降低。结果表明,涂​​覆GIC对存储介质具有保护作用。

更新日期:2018-09-20
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