Penconazole (PEN) is a fungicide used in agriculture. The aim of this work was to evaluate the exposure to PEN in vineyard workers focusing on urinary biomarkers.

Twenty-two agricultural workers were involved in the study; they were investigated during PEN applications and re-entry work, performed for 1–4 consecutive working days, for a total of 42 mixing and applications and 12 re-entries. Potential and actual dermal exposure, including hand exposure, were measured using pads and hand washes. Urine samples were collected starting before the first application, continuing during the work shift, and ending 48 h after the last shift. The determination of PEN in dermal samples and PEN metabolites in urine was performed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Dermal potential body exposure and actual total exposure showed median levels ranging from 18 to 3356 µg and from 21 to 111 µg, respectively. Urinary monohydroxyl-derivative PEN-OH was the most abundant metabolite; its excretion rate peaked within 24 h after the work shift. In this period, median concentrations of PEN-OH and the carboxyl-derivative PEN-COOH ranged from 15.6 to 27.6 µg/L and from 2.5 to 10.2 µg/L, respectively. The concentration of PEN-OH during the work shift, in the 24 h after and in the 25–48 h after the work shift were correlated with actual body and total dermal exposure (Pearson's r from 0.279 to 0.562).

Our results suggest that PEN-OH in the 24 h post-exposure urine is a promising candidate for biomonitoring PEN exposure in agricultural workers.

戊康唑（PEN）是用于农业的杀菌剂。这项工作的目的是评估专注于尿液生物标志物的葡萄园工作人员暴露于PEN的情况。

22名农业工人参加了这项研究。他们在PEN申请和重入工作期间进行了调查，连续工作1-4个工作日，总共进行了42次混合和申请以及12次重入。使用护垫和洗手液测量潜在的和实际的皮肤暴露量，包括手部暴露量。尿液样本在第一次施用前开始收集，在工作班次期间继续进行，最后一次上班后48小时结束。通过液相色谱串联质谱法测定皮肤样品中的PEN和尿液中的PEN代谢物。

潜在的身体接触量和实际总接触量分别为18至3356微克和21至111微克。尿单羟基衍生物PEN-OH是最丰富的代谢产物；轮班后24小时内其排泄率达到峰值。在此期间，PEN-OH和羧基衍生物PEN-COOH的中位数浓度分别为15.6至27.6 µg / L和2.5至10.2 µg / L。轮班期间，轮班之后24小时以及轮班之后25-48小时内PEN-OH的浓度与实际身体和总皮肤暴露量相关（Pearson's r从0.279至0.562）。

我们的结果表明，暴露后24小时尿液中的PEN-OH是生物监测农业工人PEN暴露的有希望的候选者。