In lightweight engineering, there is a constant quest for low‐density materials featuring high mass‐specific stiffness and strength. Additively‐manufactured metamaterials are particularly promising candidates as the controlled introduction of porosity allows for tailoring their density while activating strengthening size‐effects at the nano‐ and microstructural level. Here, plate‐lattices are conceived by placing plates along the closest‐packed planes of crystal structures. Based on theoretical analysis, a general design map is developed for elastically isotropic plate‐lattices of cubic symmetry. In addition to validating the design map, detailed computational analysis reveals that there even exist plate‐lattice compositions that provide nearly isotropic yield strength together with elastic isotropy. The most striking feature of plate‐lattices is that their stiffness and yield strength are within a few percent of the theoretical limits for isotropic porous solids. This implies that the stiffness of isotropic plate‐lattices is up to three times higher than that of the stiffest truss‐lattices of equal mass. This stiffness advantage is also confirmed by experiments on truss‐ and plate‐lattice specimens fabricated through direct laser writing. Due to their porous internal structure, the potential impact of the new metamaterials reported here goes beyond lightweight engineering, including applications for heat‐exchange, thermal insulation, acoustics, and biomedical engineering.

中文翻译：

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3D板格：新兴的一类低密度超材料，具有最佳的各向同性刚度

在轻型工程中，一直在寻求具有高质量特定刚度和强度的低密度材料。增材制造的超材料是特别有前途的候选材料，因为孔隙度的受控引入允许定制其密度，同时在纳米和微观结构水平上激活增强的尺寸效应。在这里，通过将板沿着晶体结构的最紧密堆积的平面放置来构想板晶格。在理论分析的基础上，为立方对称的弹性各向同性板格制定了通用设计图。除了验证设计图之外，详细的计算分析还显示，甚至存在板-晶格成分，这些成分可提供几乎各向同性的屈服强度以及弹性各向同性。板格的最显着特征是其刚度和屈服强度在各向同性多孔固体理论极限的百分之几以内。这意味着各向同性板格的刚度比等质量的最硬桁架格的刚度高三倍。通过直接激光刻写制作的桁架和板格试样的实验也证实了这种刚度优势。由于它们具有多孔的内部结构，因此本文报道的新型超材料的潜在影响已经超出了轻量化工程，包括热交换，隔热，声学和生物医学工程的应用。这意味着各向同性板格的刚度比等质量的最硬桁架格的刚度高三倍。通过直接激光刻写制作的桁架和板格试样的实验也证实了这种刚度优势。由于它们具有多孔的内部结构，因此本文报道的新型超材料的潜在影响已经超出了轻量化工程，包括热交换，隔热，声学和生物医学工程的应用。这意味着各向同性板格的刚度比等质量的最硬桁架格的刚度高三倍。通过直接激光刻写制作的桁架和板格试样的实验也证实了这种刚度优势。由于它们具有多孔的内部结构，因此本文报道的新型超材料的潜在影响已经超出了轻量化工程，包括热交换，隔热，声学和生物医学工程的应用。