Abstract Despite its high cost and debatable conservation value, orangutan rehabilitation and reintroduction (R&R) continues. Drawing on qualitative research with orangutan conservationists, this paper argues that a central reason why R&R practitioners undertake this activity is a view that the alternatives, killing orangutan orphans or keeping them in captivity, are practically or ethically unacceptable. However, questions remain over whether orphans might be better off in captivity than in the wild, and why orphans appear to attract more attention and support than wild orangutans. In evaluating these questions, practitioners must weigh up obligations to individuals and larger units, displaced and wild orangutans (the former visible, and the latter abstract), and properties of orangutans such as their wildness, welfare, and autonomy. As advocates of compassionate conservation have highlighted, similar ethical dilemmas arise in the conservation of other species.

中文翻译：

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杀戮、监禁还是解放？猩猩康复的伦理和替代方案

摘要 尽管猩猩的修复和重新引入 (R&R) 成本高昂且保护价值存在争议，但它仍在继续。借助与猩猩保护主义者的定性研究，本文认为 R&R 从业者开展这项活动的一个核心原因是认为杀死猩猩孤儿或将其圈养的替代方案在实践或伦理上都是不可接受的。然而，关于孤儿圈养是否会比在野外过得更好，以及为什么孤儿似乎比野生猩猩吸引更多关注和支持的问题仍然存在。在评估这些问题时，从业者必须权衡对个体和更大单位、流离失所和野生猩猩（前者可见，后者抽象）以及猩猩的属性（例如野生性、福利和自主性）的义务。