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The antagonist and synergist potential of cholinium-based deep eutectic solvents
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety ( IF 6.8 ) Pub Date : 2018-09-17 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.027
Inês P.E. Macário , Sónia P.M. Ventura , Joana L. Pereira , Ana M.M. Gonçalves , João A.P. Coutinho , Fernando J.M. Gonçalves

The design of environmentally friendlier solvents has gained increasing relevance in the last decade. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have recently emerged, with advantages like low-cost and putative lower environmental impact. However, information about DES toxicity is still scarce. This work aims to contribute to profiling the ecotoxicity of DES based on cholinium chloride ([Chol]Cl). Six DES were addressed, combining [Chol]Cl (as hydrogen bond acceptor – HBA) with ethylene glycol, glycerol, 1,2-propanediol, propionic acid, 1-propanol, and urea as hydrogen bond donors (HBD), in different molar ratios. The Microtox® Acute Toxicity Test, was used for assessing their toxicity towards the marine bacteria Allivibrio fischeri . Because the dissociation of DES in water is expected, analysis appraising the mixtures toxicity theory should be considered, which is a step forward in this field. This analysis suggested that [Chol]Cl and all HBD with the exception of propionic acid:[Chol]Cl 1:2 and 4:1 behave antagonistically, which is contrary to what has been suggested previously. The most extreme cases are Urea:[Chol]Cl and 1-Propanol:[Chol]Cl, with EC50 values higher than their starting materials dosed singly, configuring very promising and biocompatible alternative solvents. Toxicity was found to be dependent on DES composition, as well as on molar proportions of the starting materials.



中文翻译:

胆碱类低共熔溶剂的拮抗作用和增效作用

在过去的十年中,对环境更友好的溶剂的设计变得越来越重要。深层共晶溶剂(DES)最近问世,其优点包括低成本和对环境的影响较小。但是,关于DES毒性的信息仍然很少。这项工作旨在有助于分析基于氯化胆碱([Chol] Cl)的DES的生态毒性。解决了六个DES,将[Chol] Cl(作为氢键受体-HBA)与乙二醇,甘油,1,2-丙二醇,丙酸,1-丙醇和尿素作为氢键供体(HBD)以不同摩尔比组合比率。该了Microtox ®急性毒性试验,用于对海洋细菌评估其毒性Allivibrio鲵。由于预期DES会在水中解离,因此应考虑对混合物毒性理论进行评估,这是该领域向前迈出的一步。该分析表明,[Chol] Cl和除丙酸:[Chol] Cl 1:2和4:1以外的所有HBD都具有拮抗作用,这与之前已经提出的相反。最极端的情况是Urea:[Chol] Cl和1-Propanol:[Chol] Cl,其EC 50值比单独添加的起始原料高,构成了非常有前途且具有生物相容性的替代溶剂。发现毒性取决于DES组成以及原料的摩尔比例。

更新日期:2018-09-17
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