Bacterioplankton communities play a critical role in ecological processes in river systems, and shifts of their composition may impact microbial levels and raise public health concerns. The aim of this study was to comprehensively analyze the essential factors influencing bacterioplankton community, along with pathogen, and to estimate the health risk caused by the pathogens downstream of the Liushahe River, which is located in the famous touristic city Xishuangbanna. Results showed that wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and a subtropical recreational park impacted the bacterioplankton community and pathogen population, and potential pathogen identification demonstrated that 76 of 145 reference genera were present in the river. Moreover, the bacterioplankton community and pathogen were differently impacted by environmental gradients, and SRP, NO₂ and pH were main factors influencing bacterioplankton community while pathogen population was highly correlated with temperature and turbidity. In addition, it is noted that the pathogen population was dominated by bacterioplankton community and this might because the capacity of resistance invasion pathogen was determined by of bacterioplankton community diversity. Therefore, bacterioplankton community diversity can be used to control and predict the amount of pathogens. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) also revealed that the infection risks of Escherichia coli (E. coli), Mycobacterium avium (M. avium), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) during five recreational activities, especially water-based activities in the touristic city, were greater than that in natural areas and mostly exceeded the U.S. EPA risk limit for recreational activities. Our study offered the first insight into the potential relationship between the bacterioplankton community and bacterial pathogens within a touristic river.

浮游细菌群落在河流系统的生态过程中起着至关重要的作用，其组成的变化可能会影响微生物水平并引起公众对健康的关注。这项研究的目的是综合分析影响浮游细菌群落的主要因素以及病原体，并估算位于著名旅游城市西双版纳的六沙河下游病原体引起的健康风险。结果表明，废水处理厂（WWTP）和一个亚热带休闲公园影响了浮游细菌群落和病原体种群，潜在病原体鉴定表明，该河流中存在145个参考属中的76个。此外，浮游细菌群落和病原体受环境梯度的影响不同，SRP，NO₂和pH是影响浮游细菌群落的主要因素，而病原菌的数量与温度和浊度高度相关。此外，应注意的是，病原菌的数量主要由浮游植物群落决定，这可能是因为抵抗入侵病原体的能力是由浮游植物群落的多样性决定的。因此，浮游细菌群落多样性可用于控制和预测病原体的数量。定量微生物风险评估（QMRA）还显示，大肠杆菌（E. coli），鸟分枝杆菌（M. avium）和铜绿假单胞菌（P. aeruginosa）的感染风险）进行的五次娱乐活动（尤其是旅游城市中的水上活动）大于自然地区的娱乐活动，并且大多超过了美国环保署对娱乐活动的风险限制。我们的研究提供了对旅游河内浮游细菌群落和细菌病原体之间潜在关系的初步见解。