The development of novel technologies to convert renewable biomass feedstocks to fuels and chemicals is of increasing interest for making our chemical industry more sustainable. Plant biomass or its biomass-derived platform molecules are typically over-functionalized, requiring substantial modification to produce the chemicals currently demanded by industry. Furanic compounds are intermediates in the catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass or sugar dehydration and can in principle be further converted to aromatics. While upgrading of furanics by zeolite-catalysed aromatization typically results in a large loss of carbon due to coke deposition, carbon laydown can be mitigated by the addition of ethylene and by the modification of the zeolite with Lewis acid Ga sites. Here, we investigate the influence of the Ga loading on the physicochemical properties of Ga-modified HZSM-5 zeolite and its performance in the gas-phase aromatization of 2,5-dimethylfuran with ethylene. Characterization of the morphological, textural and acidic properties were carried out to understand the role of Bronsted and Lewis acid sites on the catalytic reaction. We demonstrate a crucial role of the dispersion of Ga-species and the resulting Lewis acidity of the Ga/ZSM-5 catalysts; and show means how to control both parameters by adjusting the synthesis method.

中文翻译：

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镓促进的 HZSM-5 沸石作为生物质衍生呋喃芳构化的有效催化剂

将可再生生物质原料转化为燃料和化学品的新技术的开发对于使我们的化学工业更具可持续性越来越感兴趣。植物生物质或其生物质衍生的平台分子通常过度功能化，需要大量修改才能生产目前工业所需的化学品。呋喃化合物是木质纤维素生物质的催化快速热解或糖脱水的中间体，原则上可以进一步转化为芳烃。虽然通过沸石催化芳构化对呋喃进行升级通常会由于焦炭沉积而导致大量碳损失，但可以通过添加乙烯和用路易斯酸 Ga 位点对沸石进行改性来减轻碳沉积。这里，我们研究了 Ga 负载量对 Ga 改性 HZSM-5 沸石的理化性质及其在 2,5-二甲基呋喃与乙烯的气相芳构化中的性能的影响。进行形态、结构和酸性特性的表征以了解布朗斯台德和路易斯酸位点对催化反应的作用。我们证明了 Ga 物种的分散和 Ga/ZSM-5 催化剂产生的路易斯酸度的关键作用；和显示表示如何通过调整合成方法来控制这两个参数。进行结构和酸性性质以了解布朗斯台德和路易斯酸位点对催化反应的作用。我们证明了 Ga 物种的分散和 Ga/ZSM-5 催化剂产生的路易斯酸度的关键作用；和显示表示如何通过调整合成方法来控制这两个参数。进行结构和酸性性质以了解布朗斯台德和路易斯酸位点对催化反应的作用。我们证明了 Ga 物种的分散和 Ga/ZSM-5 催化剂产生的路易斯酸度的关键作用；和显示表示如何通过调整合成方法来控制这两个参数。