Oxy-fuel combustion is one of the most promising technologies to isolate efficiently and economically CO₂ emissions in coal combustion for the ready carbon sequestration. The high proportions of both H₂O and CO₂ in the furnace have complex impacts on flame characteristics (ignition, burnout, and heat transfer), pollutant emissions (NO_x, SO_x, and particulate matter), and operational concerns (ash deposition, fouling/slagging). In contrast to the existing literature, this review focuses on fundamental studies on both diagnostics and modelling aspects of bench- or lab-scale oxy-fuel combustion and, particularly, gives attention to the correlations among combustion characteristics, pollutant formation, and operational ash concerns. First, the influences of temperature and species concentrations (e.g., O₂, H₂O) on coal ignition, volatile combustion and char burning processes, for air- and oxy-firing, are comparatively evaluated and modelled, on the basis of data from optically-accessible set-ups including flat-flame burner, drop-tube furnace, and down-fired furnace. Then, the correlations of combustion-generated particulate/NO_x emissions with changes of combustion characteristics in both air and oxy-fuel firing modes are summarized. Additionally, ash deposition propensity, as well as its relation to the formation of fine particulates (i.e. PM_0.2, PM₁ and PM₁₀), for both modes are overviewed. Finally, future research topics are discussed. Fundamental oxy-fuel combustion research may provide an ideal alternative for validating CFD simulations toward industrial applications.

含氧燃料燃烧是最有前途的技术之一，它可以有效，经济地隔离煤燃烧中的CO ₂排放量，以便进行碳封存。炉中高比例的H ₂ O和CO ₂对火焰特性（点火，燃尽和热传递），污染物排放（NO _x，SO _x）具有复杂的影响和颗粒物），以及操作上的顾虑（灰烬沉积，结垢/结渣）。与现有文献相比，本综述着重于台式或实验室规模的含氧燃料燃烧的诊断和建模方面的基础研究，尤其是关注燃烧特性，污染物形成和操作灰分问题之间的相关性。 。首先，温度和物质浓度（例如O ₂，H ₂O）根据空气可进入装置（包括平焰燃烧器，落管式炉，和向下燃烧的炉子。然后，总结了在空气和含氧燃料燃烧模式下燃烧产生的颗粒物/ NO _x排放与燃烧特性变化的相关性。此外，灰分沉积倾向及其与细颗粒（即PM _0.2，PM ₁和PM _10）形成的关系），同时概述了这两种模式。最后，讨论了未来的研究主题。基本的含氧燃料燃烧研究可能为验证针对工业应用的CFD模拟提供理想的替代方法。