Methylammonium iodide (MAI) and lead iodide (PbI₂) have been extensively employed as precursors for solution‐processed MAPbI₃ perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the MAPbI₃ perovskite films directly deposited from the precursor solutions, usually suffer from poor surface coverage due to uncontrolled nucleation and crystal growth of the perovskite during the film formation, resulting in low photovoltaic conversion efficiency and poor reproducibility. Herein, propylammonium iodide and PbI₂ are employed as precursors for solution deposition of propylammonium lead iodide (PAPbI₃) perovskite film. It is found that the precursors have good film formability, enabling the deposition of a large‐area and homogeneous PAPbI₃ perovskite film by a scalable dip‐coating technique. The dip‐coated PAPbI₃ film is then subjected to an organic‐cation displacement reaction, resulting in MAPbI₃ film with high surface coverage and crystallinity. With the MAPbI₃ film as the light absorber, planar PSCs are fabricated, and stabilized power conversion efficiencies of 19.27% and 15.68% can be achieved for the devices with active areas of 0.09 and 5.02 cm², respectively. The technology reported here provides a robust and efficient approach to fabricate large‐area and high‐efficiency perovskite cells for practical application.

中文翻译：

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具有新型前体和阳离子置换方法的可扩展高效平面钙钛矿太阳能电池新策略

甲基碘化铵（MAI）和碘化铅（PbI ₂）已被广泛用作溶液处理的MAPbI ₃钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）的前体。然而，直接由前体溶液沉积的MAPbI ₃钙钛矿膜由于在膜形成期间钙钛矿的不受控制的成核和晶体生长而通常具有差的表面覆盖率，导致低的光伏转化效率和差的可再现性。在此，将碘化丙铵和PbI ₂用作碘化丙铵铅（PAPbI _3）溶液的前驱体。）钙钛矿薄膜。发现前体具有良好的成膜性，并通过可扩展的浸涂技术能够沉积大面积且均匀的PAPbI ₃钙钛矿膜。然后将浸涂的PAPbI ₃膜进行有机阳离子置换反应，从而得到具有高表面覆盖率和结晶度的MAPbI ₃膜。使用MAPbI ₃膜作为光吸收剂，可以制造平面PSC，对于有源面积为0.09和5.02 cm ²的器件，可以实现稳定的功率转换效率为19.27％和15.68％。， 分别。本文报道的技术为制造大面积，高效率的钙钛矿电池提供了一种可靠而有效的方法，可用于实际应用。