Galectins (Gal) are a family of glycan-binding proteins characterized by their affinity for β-galactosides. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a dimeric lectin with two galactoside-binding sites, regulates cancer progression and immune responses. Coordination chemistry has been engaged to develop versatile multivalent neoglycoconjugates for binding Gal-1. In this study we report a fast and original method to synthesize hybrid gold nanoparticles in which a hydrochloride lactose-modified chitosan, named CTL, is mixed with dicarboxylic acid-terminated polyethylene glycol (PEG), leading to shell-like hybrid polymer-sugar-metal nanoparticles (CTL-PEG-AuNPs). The aim of this paper is to preliminarily study the interaction of the CTL-PEG-AuNPs with a target protein, namely, Gal-1, under specific conditions. The molecular interaction has been measured by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), UV–vis, and Raman Spectroscopy on a large range of Gal-1 concentrations (from 0 to 10^–12 M). We observed that the interaction was strongly dependent on the Gal-1 concentration at the surface of the gold nanoparticles.

中文翻译：

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乳糖修饰的壳聚糖金 (III)-PEG 化复合物-生物偶联物：从合成到与靶向 Galectin-1 蛋白的相互作用

半乳糖凝集素 (Gal) 是一个聚糖结合蛋白家族，其特点是对 β-半乳糖苷具有亲和力。Galectin-1 (Gal-1) 是一种具有两个半乳糖苷结合位点的二聚体凝集素，可调节癌症进展和免疫反应。配位化学一直致力于开发用于结合 Gal-1 的多功能多价新糖缀合物。在这项研究中，我们报告了一种快速且独创的合成杂化金纳米粒子的方法，其中将一种名为 CTL 的盐酸盐乳糖改性壳聚糖与二羧酸封端的聚乙二醇 (PEG) 混合，从而形成壳状杂化聚合物-糖-金属纳米粒子（CTL-PEG-AuNPs）。本文的目的是初步研究 CTL-PEG-AuNPs 在特定条件下与靶蛋白 Gal-1 的相互作用。^{–12 万}）。我们观察到相互作用强烈依赖于金纳米粒子表面的 Gal-1 浓度。