Imaging increasingly large neuronal populations at high rates pushed multi-photon microscopy into the photon-deprived regime. We present PySight, an add-on hardware and software solution tailored for photon-deprived imaging conditions. PySight more than triples the measured median amplitude of neuronal calcium transients in awake mice and facilitates single-trial intravital voltage imaging in fruit flies. Its unique data streaming architecture allowed us to image a fruit fly’s brain olfactory response over $234\mathrm{\mu m}\times 600\mathrm{\mu m}\times 330\mathrm{\mu m}$ at 73 volumes per second, while retaining over 200 times lower data rates than those of a conventional data acquisition system with comparable voxel sizes ($1.2\mathrm{\mu m}\times 1.2\mathrm{\mu m}\times 2.2\mathrm{\mu m}$). PySight requires no electronics expertise or custom synchronization boards, and its open-source software is extensible to any imaging method based on single-pixel (bucket) detectors. PySight offers an optimal data acquisition scheme for ever increasing imaging volumes of turbid living tissue.

中文翻译：

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PySight：即插即用光子计数，可快速连续进行体积活体内显微镜检查

以越来越高的速度对越来越大的神经元种群进行成像，将多光子显微镜技术推向了光子剥夺状态。我们介绍了PySight，这是一种针对光子匮乏的成像条件量身定制的附加硬件和软件解决方案。PySight在清醒的小鼠中测得的神经元钙瞬变的中值幅度增加了三倍以上，并促进了果蝇的单次试验体内电压成像。它独特的数据流架构使我们能够在果蝇上成像果蝇的大脑嗅觉反应$234\mathrm{微米}\times 600\mathrm{微米}\times 330\mathrm{微米}$ 速度为每秒73卷，同时保留的数据速率比具有类似体素大小的传统数据采集系统低200倍以上（$1.2\mathrm{微米}\times 1.2\mathrm{微米}\times 2.2\mathrm{微米}$）。PySight不需要任何电子专业知识或自定义同步板，并且其开源软件可扩展到任何基于单像素（桶）检测器的成像方法。PySight提供了一种最佳的数据采集方案，用于不断增加的浑浊活体成像体积。