The effects of wheat-gluten hydrolysates (WGH) and their ultrafiltration fractions on multiple-stress tolerance and ethanol production in yeast during very-high-gravity (VHG) fermentation were examined. The results showed that WGH and WHG-ultrafiltration-fraction supplementations could significantly enhance the growth and viability of yeast and further improve the tolerance of yeast to osmotic stress and ethanol stress. The addition of MW < 1 kDa fractions led to 51.08 and 21.70% enhancements in cell-membrane integrity, 30.74 and 10.43% decreases in intracellular ROS accumulation, and 34.18 and 26.16% increases in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ_m) in yeast under osmotic stress and ethanol stress, respectively. Moreover, WGH and WHG-ultrafiltration-fraction supplementations also improved the growth and ethanol production of yeast during VHG fermentation, and supplementation with the <1 kDa fraction resulted in a maximum biomass of 16.47 g/L dry cell and an ethanol content of 18.50% (v/v) after VHG fermentation.

中文翻译：

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通过补充小麦-谷蛋白水解物及其超滤级分，提高超高重力发酵过程中酵母的多重耐力和乙醇生产

研究了小麦面筋水解物（WGH）及其超滤组分对超高重力（VHG）发酵过程中酵母的多重胁迫耐受性和乙醇产生的影响。结果表明，WGH和WHG超滤级分补充剂可以显着增强酵母的生长和活力，并进一步提高酵母对渗透压和乙醇胁迫的耐受性。MW的添加<1个kDa的级分导致51.08 21.70和增强％在细胞膜完整性，30.74和10.43％在细胞内ROS积累降低，并且34.18和线粒体膜电位26.16％增加（ΔΨ_米）分别处于渗透压和乙醇胁迫下的酵母中。此外，WGH和WHG超滤级分补充剂还改善了VHG发酵过程中酵母的生长和乙醇生产，补充<1 kDa馏分导致最大生物量为16.47 g / L干细胞，乙醇含量为18.50％ （v / v）VHG发酵后。