Single-shot ultrafast optical imaging can capture two-dimensional transient scenes in the optical spectral range at $\ge 100$ million frames per second. This rapidly evolving field surpasses conventional pump-probe methods by possessing real-time imaging capability, which is indispensable for recording nonrepeatable and difficult-to-reproduce events and for understanding physical, chemical, and biological mechanisms. In this mini-review, we survey state-of-the-art single-shot ultrafast optical imaging comprehensively. Based on the illumination requirement, we categorized the field into active-detection and passive-detection domains. Depending on the specific image acquisition and reconstruction strategies, these two categories are further divided into a total of six subcategories. Under each subcategory, we describe operating principles, present representative cutting-edge techniques, with a particular emphasis on their methodology and applications, and discuss their advantages and challenges. Finally, we envision prospects for technical advancement in this field.

中文翻译：

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单次超快光学成像

单次超快光学成像可以捕捉光学光谱范围内的二维瞬态场景$\ge 100$每秒百万帧。这个快速发展的领域通过拥有实时成像能力超越了传统的泵浦探测方法，这对于记录不可重复和难以再现的事件以及理解物理、化学和生物机制是必不可少的。在这篇小型评论中，我们全面调查了最先进的单次超快光学成像。根据照明要求，我们将该领域分为主动检测和被动检测领域。根据具体的图像采集和重建策略，这两类进一步分为总共六个子类。在每个子类别下，我们描述操作原理，介绍代表性的前沿技术，特别强调其方法和应用，并讨论其优势和挑战。最后，我们展望了该领域技术进步的前景。