HIV entry is a highly specific and time-sensitive process that can be divided into receptor binding, coreceptor binding, and membrane fusion. Bifunctional antiviral proteins (bAVPs) exploit the multi-step nature of the HIV entry process by binding to two different extracellular targets. They are generated by expressing a fusion protein containing two entry inhibitors with a flexible linker. The resulting fusion proteins exhibit exceptional neutralization potency and broad cross-clade inhibition. In this review, we summarize the HIV entry process and provide an overview of the design, antiviral potency, and methods of delivery of bAVPs. Additionally, we discuss the advantages and limitations of bAVPs for HIV prevention and treatment.

HIV进入是一个高度特异性且对时间敏感的过程，可分为受体结合，共受体结合和膜融合。双功能抗病毒蛋白（bAVP）通过与两个不同的细胞外靶标结合来利用HIV进入过程的多步骤性质。它们是通过表达含有两个带有柔性接头的进入抑制剂的融合蛋白而产生的。所得的融合蛋白显示出异常的中和能力和广泛的交叉抑制作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了艾滋病病毒的进入过程，并提供了bAVP的设计，抗病毒效力和递送方法的概述。此外，我们讨论了bAVP在HIV预防和治疗中的优势和局限性。