Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) is a medicinal plant traditionally used as anti-inflammation and anti-bacteria herb. Andrographolide, the major active component of A. paniculata, exhibits diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, and other activities. In this article, we comprehensively review the therapeutic potential of A. paniculata and andrographolide focusing on the mechanisms of action and clinical application. We systemically discuss the structure-activity relationship of andrographolide and derivatives. Despite the various pharmacological activities and formula of A. paniculata and andrographolide, we propose further development of more structural derivatives of andrographolide with reduced toxicity and increased therapeutic efficacy is still needed for the clinical application of this ancient mighty herb and its major component.

中文翻译：

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穿心莲及其主要化合物穿心莲内酯的药理活性概述

穿心莲（A. paniculata）是传统上用作抗发炎和抗菌药草的药用植物。穿心莲内酯（A. paniculata）的主要活性成分具有多种药理活性，包括抗炎，抗癌，抗肥胖，抗糖尿病和其他活性。在本文中，我们主要从作用机理和临床应用方面全面回顾了沙棘和穿心莲内酯的治疗潜力。我们系统地讨论穿心莲内酯及其衍生物的构效关系。尽管A. paniculata有多种药理活性和配方 对于穿心莲内酯，我们建议进一步开发具有降低的毒性和增强治疗功效的穿心莲内酯的更多结构衍生物，以用于这种古老的强效草药及其主要成分的临床应用。