Developing high-performance biomass-derived carbons and understanding the relationship between their structures and performance are highly desired for carbon-based supercapacitors. Herein, a wheat gluten-derived carbon with porous sheet-like structure, high specific surface area, and oxygen- and nitrogen-based heteroatom groups is fabricated. Their pore properties and heteroatom doping amount are adjusted through controlling the activation temperature. In aqueous electrolyte there is a significant synergistic effect between pore properties and heteroatom amount on the electrochemical performance of the gluten-derived carbon; while their performance is mainly determined by their pore properties in ionic liquid electrolytes. Besides, whatever in the aqueous and ionic liquid electrolytes ion sieving effect also affects their capacitive performance. The gluten-derived carbon prepared at 700 °C with reasonable pore properties and heteroatom amount shows the highest specific capacitance of 350 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹ in 6 mol L⁻¹ KOH. But the gluten-derived carbon prepared at 800 °C with the highest specific surface area of 2724 m² g⁻¹ possesses a high specific capacitance of 197 F g⁻¹ at 0.25 A g⁻¹ in the ionic liquid electrolyte. This work can provide a guideline for optimizing the performance of biomass-derived carbons through matching their pore properties and heteroatom with different electrolytes.

对于碳基超级电容器，非常需要开发高性能的生物质衍生碳并了解其结构与性能之间的关系。在此，制造具有多孔片状结构，高比表面积以及氧和氮基杂原子基团的小麦面筋来源的碳。通过控制活化温度来调节它们的孔性质和杂原子掺杂量。在水性电解质中，孔性能和杂原子量对面筋衍生碳的电化学性能具有显着的协同作用。而它们的性能主要取决于它们在离子液体电解质中的孔隙性质。此外，无论在水性和离子性液体电解质中，离子筛分效应也都会影响其电容性能。^-1 在0.5 A克^-1在6摩尔大号^-1 KOH。但是，在离子液体电解质中，在800°C下制备的面筋最大碳具有2724 m ²  g ^-1的最大比表面积， 在0.25 A g ^-1时具有197 F g ^-1的高比电容。这项工作可以通过将其生物质和杂原子与不同的电解质相匹配，为优化生物质衍生碳的性能提供指导。