Although neonicotinoids have been the most commonly used insecticides globally, very limited data related to their dietary intake and health risks are available. In this study, we used the relative potency factor approach to aggregate individual neonicotinoids into a single metric (IMI_RPF) representing the intakes of total neonicotinoids in relation to imidacloprid for each food item. We then estimated the average daily intake (ADI) of neonicotinoids using residue data collected from U.S. Congressional Cafeteria study (USCC) and USDA/PDP and food consumption data from NHANES 2011–2012. Among the USCC and USDA/PDP samples, squash (427.2 ng/g) and spinach (569.2 ng/g), had the highest average IMI_RPF, respectively. The estimated ADIs were below the current chronic reference dose (cRfD) for imidacloprid. However, due to their wide use, it is logical to expect the ubiquity of neonicotinoids in foods. Therefore, the importance of conducting routine dietary intake assessment for neonicotinoids should not be ignored.

中文翻译：

---

美国人群的日常饮食摄入量和新烟碱类杀虫剂的健康风险

尽管新烟碱是全球最常用的杀虫剂，但有关其饮食摄入量和健康风险的数据非常有限。在这项研究中，我们使用相对效价因子方法将单个新烟碱类物质汇总为一个单一指标（IMI _RPF），代表每个食品相对于吡虫啉的总新烟碱类物质的摄入量。然后，我们使用从美国国会自助餐厅研究（USCC）和USDA / PDP收集的残留数据以及NHANES 2011-2012年的食物消耗数据，估算出新烟碱类药物的平均每日摄入量（ADI）。在USCC和USDA / PDP样品中，南瓜（427.2 ng / g）和菠菜（569.2 ng / g）的平均IMI _RPF最高， 分别。估计的ADIs低于吡虫啉的当前慢性参考剂量（cRfD）。但是，由于它们的广泛使用，因此可以合理地预期食物中新烟碱类物质的普遍性。因此，对新烟碱类食物进行日常饮食摄入评估的重要性不容忽视。