Comets are considered the most primitive planetary bodies in our Solar System, i.e., they should have best preserved the solid components of the matter from which our Solar System formed. ESA’s recent Rosetta mission to Jupiter family comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko (67P/CG) has provided a wealth of isotope data which expanded the existing data sets on isotopic compositions of comets considerably. In this paper we review our current knowledge on the isotopic compositions of H, C, N, O, Si, S, Ar, and Xe in primitive Solar System materials studied in terrestrial laboratories and how the Rosetta data acquired with the ROSINA (Rosetta Orbiter Sensor for Ion and Neutral Analysis) and COSIMA (COmetary Secondary Ion Mass Analyzer) mass spectrometer fit into this picture. The H, Si, S, and Xe isotope data of comet 67P/CG suggest that this comet might be particularly primitive and might have preserved large amounts of unprocessed presolar matter. We address the question whether the refractory Si component of 67P/CG contains a presolar isotopic fingerprint from a nearby Type II supernova (SN) and discuss to which extent C and O isotope anomalies originating from presolar grains should be observable in dust from 67P/CG. Finally, we explore whether the isotopic fingerprint of a potential late SN contribution to the formation site of 67P/CG in the solar nebula can be seen in the volatile component of 67P/CG.

中文翻译：

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陨石和彗星中的前太阳同位素特征：罗塞塔任务对彗星 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko 的新见解

彗星被认为是太阳系中最原始的行星体，也就是说，它们应该最好地保存了太阳系形成物质的固体成分。欧空局最近对木星家族彗星 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P/CG) 进行的罗塞塔任务提供了丰富的同位素数据，大大扩展了彗星同位素组成的现有数据集。在本文中，我们回顾了我们目前对陆地实验室研究的原始太阳系材料中 H、C、N、O、Si、S、Ar 和 Xe 同位素组成的了解，以及如何使用 ROSINA（罗塞塔轨道飞行器）获取 Rosetta 数据。用于离子和中性分析的传感器）和 COSIMA（COmetary 二次离子质量分析仪）质谱仪适合这张图片。67P/CG 彗星的 H、Si、S 和 Xe 同位素数据表明，这颗彗星可能特别原始，可能保存了大量未经处理的太阳前物质。我们解决了 67P/CG 的难熔硅成分是否包含来自附近 II 型超新星 (SN) 的太阳前同位素指纹的问题，并讨论了在 67P/CG 的尘埃中应在多大程度上观察到源自太阳前颗粒的 C 和 O 同位素异常。最后，我们探讨了是否可以在 67P/CG 的挥发性成分中看到对太阳星云中 67P/CG 形成位点的潜在晚超新星贡献的同位素指纹。