A battery thermal management system (BTMS) has become an essential part in battery-driven electric vehicles (EVs) in order to remove the generated heat from the battery which leads to enhanced performance. BTMSs have been implemented in EVs by adopting different technologies that include natural air cooling systems, forced air cooling systems, liquid cooling systems, and using heat pipes and fins. However, phase change material (PCM) embedded systems have gained a lot of attention due to their availability, low cost, and high sensible and latent heat in the field of BTMS. In the last two decades, thermoelectric coolers (TECs) have also been applied to BTMSs to make an active or semi-passive system with another cooling system. In this paper, a state of the science comprehensive literature review is presented on PCM (a passive system) and TEC (an active system) based BTMSs. A synthesis of the literature is presented in a tabular format to give a clear indication on the relative performances of the BTMSs. Moreover, limitations of the batteries, PCMs, and TECs are also discussed to identify the future research possibilities in the area of BTMS for EVs.

电池热管理系统（BTMS）已成为电池驱动电动汽车（EV）的重要组成部分，以消除电池产生的热量，从而提高性能。BTMS已通过采用包括自然空气冷却系统，强制空气冷却系统，液体冷却系统以及使用热管和散热片在内的不同技术在电动汽车中实施。然而，相变材料（PCM）嵌入式系统由于其可用性，低成本以及BTMS领域中的显热和潜热而备受关注。在过去的二十年中，热电冷却器（TEC）也已应用于BTMS，以与另一个冷却系统一起构成主动或半被动系统。在本文中，对基于PCM（无源系统）和TEC（有源系统）的BTMS进行了科学全面的文献综述。以表格形式提供了文献综述，以明确表明BTMS的相对性能。此外，还讨论了电池，PCM和TEC的局限性，以确定电动汽车BTMS领域的未来研究可能性。