This paper presents a performance analysis of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) considering battery preheating economy under low temperature conditions. In subzero temperature environments, PHEVs suffer a dramatic loss of all-electric driving range due to the energy and power reduction of LiFePO₄ batteries, as well as severe battery degradation due to lithium ion plating. This decreases the battery life time and thus increases the operating cost of the PHEV. A quasi-static model is adopted for the simulated bus, and a battery dynamic degradation model is established based on the Arrhenius degradation theory. The PHEV performance under low-temperature conditions is evaluated considering three factors: fuel cost, electricity cost, and battery degradation cost. In addition, the economics of battery preheating powered by the engine or grid is first investigated in this paper. The charge depleting-charge sustaining energy management strategy and convective heating method are adopted. Simulation results show that the preheating strategy can reduce the PHEV operating cost by up to 22.3% in 40 Harbin driving cycles. The heating process becomes increasingly necessary as the battery price, heating efficiency, and daily recharging time of the PHEV increase as well as the environment temperature decreases.

本文介绍了在低温条件下考虑电池预热经济性的插电式混合动力汽车（PHEV）的性能分析。在零度以下的温度环境中，由于LiFePO ₄的能量和功率降低，PHEV的全电动行驶里程会急剧下降电池，以及由于锂离子电镀而导致的严重电池退化。这减少了电池寿命，从而增加了PHEV的运行成本。仿真总线采用准静态模型，并根据Arrhenius退化理论建立了电池动态退化模型。评估低温条件下的PHEV性能时要考虑以下三个因素：燃料成本，电力成本和电池退化成本。此外，本文首先研究了由发动机或电网驱动的电池预热的经济性。采用电荷耗尽-维持电荷的能量管理策略和对流加热方式。仿真结果表明，预热策略可以在40个哈尔滨驾驶循环中将PHEV的运行成本降低多达22.3％。