2D materials have attracted considerable attention due to their exciting optical and electronic properties, and demonstrate immense potential for next‐generation solar cells and other optoelectronic devices. With the scaling trends in photovoltaics moving toward thinner active materials, the atomically thin bodies and high flexibility of 2D materials make them the obvious choice for integration with future‐generation photovoltaic technology. Not only can graphene, with its high transparency and conductivity, be used as the electrodes in solar cells, but also its ambipolar electrical transport enables it to serve as both the anode and the cathode. 2D materials beyond graphene, such as transition‐metal dichalcogenides, are direct‐bandgap semiconductors at the monolayer level, and they can be used as the active layer in ultrathin flexible solar cells. However, since no 2D material has been featured in the roadmap of standard photovoltaic technologies, a proper synergy is still lacking between the recently growing 2D community and the conventional solar community. A comprehensive review on the current state‐of‐the‐art of 2D‐materials‐based solar photovoltaics is presented here so that the recent advances of 2D materials for solar cells can be employed for formulating the future roadmap of various photovoltaic technologies.

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石墨烯和其他2D材料在太阳能光伏中的作用

二维材料由于其令人兴奋的光学和电子特性而备受关注，并显示出下一代太阳能电池和其他光电设备的巨大潜力。随着光伏向更薄的活性材料发展的趋势，原子薄的物体和2D材料的高灵活性使其成为与下一代光伏技术集成的明显选择。石墨烯不仅可以以其高透明性和导电性用作太阳能电池中的电极，而且其双极性电传输使其可以同时用作阳极和阴极。石墨烯以外的2D材料（例如过渡金属二卤化物）是单层级的直接带隙半导体，可以用作超薄柔性太阳能电池的活性层。但是，由于标准光伏技术路线图中没有2D材料，因此在最近增长的2D社区与常规太阳能社区之间仍然缺乏适当的协同作用。本文介绍了当前基于2D材料的太阳能光伏技术的全面综述，以便可以将太阳能电池2D材料的最新进展用于制定各种光伏技术的未来路线图。