BACKGROUND Despite interventions to improve the nutrition of grocery store purchases, also referred to as at-home (AH) foods, by participants in the Supplemental Nutrition Program (SNAP), little is known about what proportion of participants' intake is from AH foods and how the dietary quality of AH food compares with participants' away-from-home (AFH) food. Although recent research indicates SNAP participants have dietary quality that is slightly worse than that of income-eligible nonparticipants, it is unknown whether this is attributable to AH or AFH consumption. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to examine differences in self-reported dietary intake by food source for SNAP participants compared with income-eligible nonparticipants using 2011-2014 data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). DESIGN This study included data from the NHANES, a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey of the United States population. STUDY PARTICIPANTS This study included 2,523 adults with low incomes (≤130% of the federal poverty level) in NHANES (2011-2014). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reported intake of calories, solid fats, added sugars, and servings of nonstarchy vegetables, whole fruits, and whole grains was assessed by food source in SNAP participants and income-eligible nonparticipants. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Multivariate linear regression was used for each outcome, controlling for relevant sociodemographic characteristics. Data were stratified by food source, including grocery stores, sit-down restaurants, and fast food. RESULTS SNAP participants had a higher intake of solid fats and added sugar from AH foods than nonparticipants. Added sugar from AH food accounted for 15.3% of total calories consumed by SNAP participants, compared with 11.8% for nonparticipants (P<0.001). SNAP participants consumed fewer calories from sit-down restaurants, but both groups consumed similar amounts of calories from fast food. Consumption of nonstarchy vegetables, whole fruits, and whole grains was low for both groups. CONCLUSIONS SNAP participants had poorer diet quality from consumption of AH food than did nonparticipants. Future research should focus on interventions to improve the healthfulness of grocery store purchases as a mechanism to improve dietary quality of SNAP participants.

中文翻译：

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杂货店不为补充营养援助计划的参与者提供更健康的食品

背景 尽管补充营养计划 (SNAP) 的参与者采取了干预措施来改善杂货店购买的食品（也称为家庭 (AH) 食品）的营养，但对于参与者从 AH 食品和家庭食品中摄入的比例知之甚少。 AH 食物的膳食质量与参与者的离家 (AFH) 食物相比如何。尽管最近的研究表明 SNAP 参与者的饮食质量比有收入资格的非参与者略差，但尚不清楚这是否归因于 AH 或 AFH 消费。目的 本研究的目的是利用 2011-2014 年国家健康和营养检查调查 (NHANES) 的数据，检查 SNAP 参与者与符合收入资格的非参与者相比，按食物来源自我报告的饮食摄入量的差异。设计 这项研究包括来自 NHANES 的数据，NHANES 是一项针对美国人口的横断面、全国代表性的调查。研究参与者 这项研究包括 NHANES（2011-2014 年）中的 2,523 名低收入成年人（≤联邦贫困线的 130%）。主要结果指标 根据 SNAP 参与者和符合收入条件的非参与者的食物来源，对自我报告的卡路里、固体脂肪、添加糖以及非淀粉类蔬菜、全水果和全谷物的摄入量进行评估。统计分析 对每个结果使用多元线性回归，控制相关的社会人口统计学特征。数据按食物来源分层，包括杂货店、堂食餐厅和快餐。结果 SNAP 参与者比非参与者从 AH 食物中摄入了更多的固体脂肪和添加糖。AH 食品中的添加糖占 SNAP 参与者消耗的总热量的 15.3%，而非参与者的这一比例为 11.8%（P<0.001）。SNAP 参与者从餐厅消耗的卡路里较少，但两组从快餐中消耗的卡路里数量相似。两组的非淀粉类蔬菜、完整水果和全谷物的消费量都较低。结论 SNAP 参与者因食用 AH 食品而导致的饮食质量比非参与者差。未来的研究应侧重于改善杂货店购买健康性的干预措施，作为改善 SNAP 参与者饮食质量的机制。