Despite stringent power consumption requirements in many applications, over years organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) displays still suffer unsatisfactory energy efficiency due to poor light extraction. Approaches have been reported for OLED light out‐coupling, but they in general are not applicable for OLED displays due to difficulties in display image quality and fabrication complexity and compatibility. Thus to date, an effective and feasible light extraction technique that can boost efficiencies and yet keep image quality is still lacking and remains a great challenge. Here, a highly effective and scalable extraction‐enhancing OLED display pixel structure is proposed based on embedding the OLED inside a three‐dimensional reflective concave structure covered with a patterned high‐index filler. It can couple as much internal emission as possible into the filler region and then redirect otherwise confined light for out‐coupling. Comprehensive multi‐scale optical simulation validates that ultimately high light extraction efficiency approaching ≈80% and excellent viewing characteristics are simultaneously achievable with optimized structures using highly transparent top electrodes. This scheme is scalable and wavelength insensitive, and generally applicable to all red, green, and blue pixels in high‐resolution full‐color displays. Results of this work are believed to shed light on the development of future generations of advanced OLED displays.

中文翻译：

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有机发光二极管显示器终极光学输出耦合的愿景：3D 像素配置

尽管许多应用都有严格的功耗要求，但多年来有机发光二极管（OLED）显示器由于光提取不良，能源效率仍然不令人满意。已经报道了用于 OLED 光输出耦合的方法，但由于显示图像质量以及制造复杂性和兼容性方面的困难，它们通常不适用于 OLED 显示器。因此，迄今为止，仍然缺乏一种有效且可行的既能提高效率又能保持图像质量的光提取技术，这仍然是一个巨大的挑战。在此，提出了一种高效且可扩展的提取增强 OLED 显示像素结构，该结构基于将 OLED 嵌入覆盖有图案化高折射率填充物的三维反射凹结构内。它可以将尽可能多的内部发射耦合到填充区域，然后重定向原本受限的光以进行外耦合。全面的多尺度光学仿真验证了，通过使用高度透明的顶部电极的优化结构，最终可以同时实现接近约 80% 的高光提取效率和出色的观看特性。该方案是可扩展的并且对波长不敏感，并且通常适用于高分辨率全彩显示器中的所有红色、绿色和蓝色像素。这项工作的结果被认为将为未来几代先进 OLED 显示器的发展提供线索。