Abstract For the first time, a porous membrane-based method is proposed for the extraction of target analytes directly from the solid samples. This method involves the packing of solid sample inside a porous polypropylene membrane sheet whose edges are heat-sealed to fabricate a bag. This bag is immersed in a suitable solvent and the analytes are extracted by the application of ultrasound energy. The various factors that affect the extraction performance such as extraction solvent, ultrasonication time, and ultrasound power are suitably optimized. The scope of this extraction method is very general, it can be used for the extraction of different classes of analytes from a variety of solid samples using suitable extraction solvents. The beauty of this method lies in the fact that only the small molecules such as analytes can pass through the membrane while the interfering or complex matrix species cannot pass through the membrane bag to the extraction solvent. Previously, the solid samples were first digested/dissolved into liquid medium and then analytes were extracted by membrane-protected adsorbents involving adsorption and desorption steps. With the proposed procedure, the steps of digestion/dissolution and the adsorption of analytes onto a suitable adsorbent are eliminated. Likewise, the steps of filtration and centrifugation are not required as the solid is effectively packed inside the membrane bag. Moreover, the extraction device is low cost, portable, easy to fabricate, and simple to use in the extraction process. In this work, proof of the concept is demonstrated by the extraction of polyaromatic hydrocarbons from the soil samples using GC–MS. This method provided reasonably low LODs ranging from 0.19 to 0.93 ng/mg. The intra-day accuracy and precision ranged from 87.5 to 109% and 0.8 to 5%, respectively while recoveries varied from 75.1 ± 4.9 to 106 ± 4.5%.

中文翻译：

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多孔膜填充固体样品的超声辅助溶剂萃取：一种从固体样品中提取目标分析物的新方法

摘要 首次提出了一种基于多孔膜的方法来直接从固体样品中提取目标分析物。该方法涉及将固体样品包装在多孔聚丙烯膜片内，该膜片的边缘被热封以制造袋子。将该袋浸入合适的溶剂中，并通过施加超声波能量提取分析物。适当优化影响提取性能的各种因素，如提取溶剂、超声时间和超声功率。这种提取方法的范围非常广泛，它可以使用合适的提取溶剂从各种固体样品中提取不同类别的分析物。这种方法的美妙之处在于，只有分析物等小分子可以通过膜，而干扰或复杂的基质物质不能通过膜袋到达萃取溶剂。以前，固体样品首先被消化/溶解到液体介质中，然后通过膜保护的吸附剂提取分析物，包括吸附和解吸步骤。使用建议的程序，消解/溶解和分析物吸附到合适的吸附剂上的步骤被取消。同样，由于固体被有效地包装在膜袋内，因此不需要过滤和离心步骤。此外，该提取装置成本低，便于携带，易于制作，提取过程中使用简单。在这项工作中，使用 GC-MS 从土壤样品中提取多环芳烃证明了这一概念。该方法提供了范围从 0.19 到 0.93 ng/mg 的相当低的 LOD。日内准确度和精密度范围分别为 87.5 至 109% 和 0.8 至 5%，而回收率则为 75.1 ± 4.9 至 106 ± 4.5%。