Vegetable oil is one of the most potential sustainable feedstocks to produce fuels and chemicals. The review emphasizes isomerization of fatty acid as an important path for biolubricant production. The role of solid acid catalysts, including zeolites, was highlighted to design better isomerization catalysts. The isomerization is a favored mesoporous site with intermediate Brønsted acid strength, which is also enhanced after metal doping on a porous surface. The hierarchical ferrierite (FER) catalyst showed the best selective isomerization with the 10-membered ring cavities, which can be regenerated easily. FER can be produced using a low-cost organic structure-directing agent. The possibility to design two-dimensional pore zeolites with pore mouth selectivity was also discussed. Moreover, the challenges for biolubricant formulation, with focus on palm oil, were also discussed with a detailed comparison to other vegetable oils. The highest palm oil conversion was achieved over the base catalyst, namely, Sr-doped calcium oxide, with a low catalyst dosage. However, the biolubricant-based palm oil still needs many advancements to achieve industrial standards.

中文翻译：

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植物油转化为生物润滑剂：先进的多孔催化剂综述

植物油是生产燃料和化学品的最具潜力的可持续原料之一。该评论强调脂肪酸的异构化是生物润滑剂生产的重要途径。强调了包括沸石在内的固体酸催化剂的作用，以设计更好的异构化催化剂。异构化是具有中等布朗斯台德酸强度的有利的介孔位点，在金属掺杂到多孔表面上后，异构化也得到了增强。分级镁碱沸石（FER）催化剂具有十元环腔，表现出最好的选择性异构化，可以很容易地再生。可以使用低成本的有机结构导向剂来生产FER。还讨论了设计具有孔口选择性的二维孔沸石的可能性。此外，生物润滑剂配方面临的挑战 还重点讨论了棕榈油，并与其他植物油进行了详细比较。在低催化剂用量的情况下，在碱性催化剂（即掺Sr的氧化钙）上实现了最高的棕榈油转化率。然而，基于生物润滑剂的棕榈油仍需要许多进步来达到工业标准。