Bioinspired designs of superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic materials have been an important and fascinating area of research in recent years for their extensive potential application prospects from industry to our daily life. Despite extensive progress, existing research achievements are far from real applications. From biomimetic performance to service life, the related research has faced serious problems at present. A timely outlook is therefore necessary to summarize the existing research, to discuss the challenges faced, and to propose constructive advice for the ongoing scientific trend. Here, we comb the process of development of bioinspired superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic materials at first. Then, we also describe how to design artificial superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic materials. Furthermore, current challenges faced by bioinspired designs of superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic materials are pointed out, separately, and the possible solutions are discussed. Emerging applications in this field are also briefly considered. Finally, the development trend within this field is highlighted to lead future research.

中文翻译：

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超疏水和超亲水材料的仿生设计

近年来，超疏水和超亲水材料的仿生设计因其从工业到日常生活的广泛潜在应用前景而成为一个重要且令人着迷的研究领域。尽管取得了广泛的进展，但现有的研究成果距离实际应用还很远。从仿生性能到使用寿命，相关研究目前面临着严重的问题。因此，有必要及时总结现有研究，讨论面临的挑战，并为当前的科学趋势提出建设性建议。在这里，我们首先梳理一下仿生超疏水和超亲水材料的发展过程。然后，我们还描述了如何设计人造超疏水和超亲水材料。此外，还分别指出了超疏水和超亲水材料的仿生设计当前面临的挑战，并讨论了可能的解决方案。还简要考虑了该领域的新兴应用。最后，强调了该领域的发展趋势，以引领未来的研究。