Abstract Auxin herbicides have attracted continuously increasing attention because of their frequently application worldwide, slow degradation rates and potential toxicity to human beings. It is urgent to develop a fast and practical method to monitor them in environmental samples. Ionic liquids (ILs) are not intrinsically “green” and most of them are as toxic as other solvents. Therefore, tuning for maximizing advantageous properties of ILs and minimizing side effects are crucial steps. In this work, guanidinium IL was applied to preconcentrate and clean up ultra-trace auxin herbicides via designable binding sites. The structurally optimized IL had improved pretreatment performance and was significantly less cytotoxic than imidazolium IL toward human keratinocytes. For further improving the sensitivity of detection, we quantified the concentration of herbicides by a fast and mild fluorescence derivatization. Under optimized pretreatment conditions, high recoveries in real water samples (above 80%), short pretreatment time (

中文翻译：

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有效调谐胍离子液体作为绿色溶剂快速灵敏测定生长素除草剂

摘要 生长素类除草剂因其在世界范围内广泛应用、降解速度慢和对人类具有潜在毒性而受到越来越多的关注。迫切需要开发一种快速实用的方法来监测环境样品中的它们。离子液体 (IL) 本质上不是“绿色”的，它们中的大多数与其他溶剂一样有毒。因此，调整以最大化 ILs 的有利特性和最小化副作用是至关重要的步骤。在这项工作中，胍盐离子被应用于通过可设计的结合位点预浓缩和清理超痕量生长素除草剂。结构优化的 IL 具有改善的预处理性能，并且对人角质形成细胞的细胞毒性明显低于咪唑鎓 IL。为进一步提高检测灵敏度，我们通过快速和温和的荧光衍生化来量化除草剂的浓度。在优化的前处理条件下，实际水样回收率高（80%以上），前处理时间短（