BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation is associated with obesity, morbidity, and mortality in postmenopausal women. OBJECTIVE The objective of this pilot study was to determine preliminary feasibility and efficacy of a dietary intervention to improve diet quality and lower inflammation. DESIGN The study had a single-arm, pre- and posttest design. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Fourteen postmenopausal women (body mass index >30 [calculated as kg/m2]) from the greater Columbus, OH, area participated between August 2015 and April 2016. INTERVENTION This was a 12-week individualized dietary intervention targeting lower consumption of added sugars and increased fiber and fatty fish. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes of this analysis were serum tumor necrosis factor α receptor-2 (TNFαR-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP); other outcomes included intake of targeted food components and Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) scores calculated from food frequency questionnaires at baseline, end of intervention (week 12 [WK12]), and 24-week (WK24) follow-up. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Repeated measures analysis of variance and partial Pearson correlations, respectively, were used to assess changes in outcomes and associations between dietary variables and inflammatory markers, controlling for percent weight change. RESULTS Mean levels of TNFαR-2 decreased pre- to postintervention (P<0.01) and remained reduced at WK24 (P<0.001). Mean intake of added sugars and n-3-rich fish improved from baseline to WK12 and remained better at WK24 (all P<0.001); mean fiber intake did not change significantly (P=0.66; baseline to WK24). Mean HEI-2010 score increased (P<0.001; baseline to WK12). Change in HEI-2010 score inversely correlated with change in TNFαR-2 (P<0.05; baseline to WK24). Change in added sugars directly correlated with change in TNFαR-2 (P<0.05; baseline to WK24), but inversely correlated with change in hsCRP (P<0.05; baseline to WK12, and WK12 to WK24). All participants lost weight by WK12 (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS These pilot intervention findings suggest that improving diet quality is associated with decreases in TNFαR-2.

中文翻译：

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改善饮食质量与减少炎症有关：对绝经后肥胖女性进行试点干预的结果

背景慢性炎症与绝经后妇女的肥胖、发病率和死亡率有关。目的 本试点研究的目的是确定饮食干预改善饮食质量和降低炎症的初步可行性和有效性。设计 该研究采用单臂、前测和后测设计。参与者/设置 2015 年 8 月至 2016 年 4 月期间，来自俄亥俄州大哥伦布地区的 14 名绝经后妇女（体重指数 >30 [计算为 kg/m2]）参与。 干预 这是一项为期 12 周的个性化饮食干预，旨在降低添加糖和增加纤维和脂肪鱼。主要观察指标 该分析的主要结果是血清肿瘤坏死因子α受体-2（TNFαR-2）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和高敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）；其他结果包括目标食物成分的摄入量和健康饮食指数 2010 (HEI-2010) 分数，这些分数由基线、干预结束（第 12 周 [WK12]）和 24 周（WK24）随访时的食物频率问卷计算得出。执行的统计分析 分别使用方差和部分 Pearson 相关性的重复测量分析来评估结果的变化以及饮食变量和炎症标志物之间的关联，控制体重变化百分比。结果 TNFαR-2 的平均水平在干预前后下降（P<0.01），并在第 24 周保持下降（P<0.001）。添加糖和富含 n-3 的鱼的平均摄入量从基线到第 12 周有所改善，并在第 24 周保持更好（所有 P<0.001）；平均纤维摄入量没有显着变化（P=0.66；WK24 的基线）。平均 HEI-2010 得分增加（P<0. 001; WK12 的基线）。HEI-2010 评分的变化与 TNFαR-2 的变化呈负相关（P<0.05；至 WK24 的基线）。添加糖的变化与 TNFαR-2 的变化直接相关（P<0.05；基线至 WK24），但与 hsCRP 的变化呈负相关（P<0.05；基线至 WK12，以及 WK12 至 WK24）。到第 12 周，所有参与者都减轻了体重（P<0.001）。结论 这些试点干预结果表明，改善饮食质量与 TNFαR-2 的降低有关。