In this study, we prepared titanium dioxide nanotube arrays (TiO₂ NTs) infilled with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) to create a hybrid structure (GQD/TiO₂ NTs) and applied the GQD/TiO₂ NTs as an efficient electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitter in the detection of prostate protein antigen (PSA). The TiO₂ NTs were infilled with the GQDs through an impregnation method. The GQD/TiO₂ NP composite electrode showed a highly stable ECL, and, when K₂S₂O₈ was used as a co-reactant, the ECL intensity increased 6-fold compared with that of a pure TiO₂ NT electrode. Herein, to exploit the application of the GQD/TiO₂ NT composite as an efficient ECL emitter for biosensing, a sandwich ECL immunoassay was developed using PSA as a model. CdTe nanoparticles (NPs) modified with Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles (CdTe/MNPs) served as quenchers for the ECL immunoassay. PSA could be detected using the ultrasensitive GQD/TiO₂ NT platform. The decrease in the ECL intensity was linear with the log of the concentration of the PSA in the range from 1.0 fg mL⁻¹ to 10 pg mL⁻¹, with a lower detection limit of 1 fg mL⁻¹ (S/N = 3). The use of the ECL immunoassay for PSA detection were used to measure in clinical human serum samples of prostate cancer patients and controls with excellent correlation to referee chemiluminescence method.

在这项研究中，我们制备了填充有石墨烯量子点（GQD）的二氧化钛纳米管阵列（TiO ₂ NTs）以创建杂化结构（GQD / TiO ₂ NTs），并将GQD / TiO ₂ NTs用作有效的电化学发光（ECL）检测前列腺蛋白抗原（PSA）中的发射体。TiO ₂ NTs通过浸渍法填充了GQD。GQD / TiO ₂ NP复合电极显示出高度稳定的ECL，并且当使用K ₂ S ₂ O ₈作为共反应物时，与纯TiO ₂ NT电极相比，ECL强度增加了6倍。在本文中，要探讨GQD / TiO的应用₂ NT复合材料作为一种有效的生物传感ECL发射体，使用PSA作为模型开发了三明治ECL免疫测定法。用Fe ₃ O ₄磁性纳米粒子（CdTe / MNPs ）修饰的CdTe纳米粒子（NPs）用作ECL免疫测定的淬灭剂。可以使用超灵敏的GQD / TiO ₂ NT平台检测PSA 。ECL强度的下降与PSA浓度在1.0 fg mL ^-1至10 pg mL ^-1的对数呈线性关系，检测下限为1 fg mL ^-1（S / N = 3）。使用ECL免疫测定法进行PSA检测可测量前列腺癌患者和对照的临床人血清样品，与裁判化学发光方法具有极好的相关性。