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Ultrasound assisted synthesis of biodiesel from karanja oil by interesterification: Intensification studies and optimization using RSM
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry ( IF 8.4 ) Pub Date : 2018-08-17 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.08.019
Shubham S. Kashyap , Parag R. Gogate , Saurabh M. Joshi

The present work deals with the optimization of interesterification of karanja oil using response surface methodology (RSM) with intensification studies based on the use of ultrasound. Esterification of karanja oil was performed as a pretreatment under fixed conditions of molar ratio of 1:10, catalyst loading of 3.5% and temperature of 60 °C to reduce the acid value from 10.5 mg of KOH/g to 1.8 mg of KOH/g. The pretreated oil was used for interesterification where the process parameters considered for optimization were time (X1), catalyst loading (X2), reactant ratio (X3) and duty cycle (X4) varied at three levels. The maximum yield of FAME achieved using optimum parameters as time of 35 min, catalyst loading of 1 wt %, reactant ratio of 1:9 (mol: mol) and duty cycle of 60% was 91.56% (on the basis of theoretical ester formation). The effect of reaction temperature was also studied keeping other parameters at optimum conditions and it was observed that yield increases with an increase in the temperature till 50 °C. It was also demonstrated that ultrasound assisted interestrification process gives less requirement of methyl acetate and catalyst as compared to the conventional process. It was also observed that higher yield was obtained in the presence of ultrasound (91%) as compared to the conventional method (60%). Kinetic studies established that second order rate equation fits the obtained data well. A mathematical model in RSM was successfully developed which can be used to make predictions about the expected conversions for this system.



中文翻译:

超声辅助从卡拉加油中通过酯交换法合成生物柴油:强化研究和使用RSM的优化

目前的工作是利用响应面方法(RSM)和基于超声波的强化研究,来研究优化了魔芋精油的酯化反应。在固定的摩尔比为1:10,催化剂负载率为3.5%,温度为60°C的固定条件下进行了卡拉尼娅油的酯化预处理,以将酸值从10.5 mg KOH / g降低至1.8 mg KOH / g 。预处理的油用于酯交换反应,其中考虑优化的工艺参数为时间(X1),催化剂负载量(X2),反应物比率(X3)和占空比(X4)在三个级别上变化。使用最佳参数(例如35分钟),催化剂负载量为1 wt%,反应物比率为1:9(mol:mol)和60%的占空比,可获得的FAME的最大收率为91.56%(基于理论上的酯形成) )。还研究了反应温度的影响,将其他参数保持在最佳条件下,观察到直到50°C,产率都随温度的升高而增加。还证明了与常规方法相比,超声辅助的酯交换法对乙酸甲酯和催化剂的需求较​​少。还观察到,与常规方法(60%)相比,在超声的存在下获得了更高的产率(91%)。动力学研究表明,二阶速率方程很好地拟合了获得的数据。RSM中的数学模型已成功开发,可用于对该系统的预期转换进行预测。

更新日期:2018-08-18
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