Abstract Direct incorporation of hydrophobic nutraceuticals into liquid foods faces different technological challenges, namely low water-solubility and limited physiochemical stability. Nanoencapsulation may facilitate dissolution and protection of lipophilic bioactives. In this study, a hierarchical approach (ligand binding to sodium caseinate and then either re-assembling the micellar nanostructures or formation casein nanoparticles) was used to encapsulate two phenolic compounds, including curcumin and quercetin. As determined by spectrofluorometry, the binding stoichiometry of quercetin and curcumin were 0.96 and 0.78, respectively. The average particle size of re-assembled casein micelles (r-CMs) was smaller than that of casein nanoparticles (CNPs). The effect of quercetin loading on increasing the particle size of r-CMs was higher than that of curcumin loading due to the higher binding affinity of quercetin. The entrapment efficiency of both ligands was higher than 90%. The ejection of ligands from the nanocarriers was negligible over time, but not as a function of pH in the case of quercetin-loaded nanocarriers. Both CNP and r-CM significantly improved the chemical stability of phenolic compounds during an accelerated shelf-life test. Formation of r-CMs was confirmed, likely for the first time, by measuring the changes in the relative viscosity during the re-assembly process. The aqueous solubility of curcumin and quercetin after loading in r-CMs was higher than that of free polyphenol molecules. Generally, the viability of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in the presence of different samples followed this order: digested polyphenol-loaded r-CMs

中文翻译：

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槲皮素和姜黄素在基于酪蛋白的递送系统中的纳米封装

摘要 将疏水性保健品直接掺入液体食品面临着不同的技术挑战，即水溶性低和有限的物理化学稳定性。纳米封装可以促进亲脂性生物活性物质的溶解和保护。在这项研究中，使用分层方法（配体与酪蛋白酸钠结合，然后重新组装胶束纳米结构或形成酪蛋白纳米颗粒）来封装两种酚类化合物，包括姜黄素和槲皮素。通过荧光光谱法测定，槲皮素和姜黄素的结合化学计量分别为 0.96 和 0.78。重组酪蛋白胶束（r-CMs）的平均粒径小于酪蛋白纳米颗粒（CNPs）。由于槲皮素的结合亲和力更高，槲皮素负载对增加 r-CM 粒径的影响高于姜黄素负载。两种配体的包封率均高于 90%。随着时间的推移，配体从纳米载体中的排出可以忽略不计，但在槲皮素负载的纳米载体的情况下，它不是 pH 值的函数。CNP 和 r-CM 在加速保质期测试中都显着提高了酚类化合物的化学稳定性。通过测量重新组装过程中相对粘度的变化，确认了 r-CM 的形成，这可能是第一次。姜黄素和槲皮素在 r-CMs 中负载后的水溶性高于游离多酚分子。一般来说，