Optimal energy management of microgrids with different objectives such as operation cost, air pollution and wider use of renewable energy sources is investigated in many research works. In this paper, the effect of different operation modes of microgrids to solve environmental/economic dispatch problem is evaluated. Different modes of operation of microgrid include islanding operation, grid-connected and unilateral or bilateral exchange of power with main grid. The imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) is one of the evolutionary algorithms that can model the competing imperialists to absorb colonies and uses it to find optimum solution. In this paper, a new method to improve the ICA algorithm is proposed in which the movement radius of the colonies toward the imperialist is adaptively adjusted in accordance with their position by means of adding direction and velocity parameters to the colonies. Thus, the colonies are attracted and repelled more intelligently by imperialists. The proposed method can create a trade-off between exploitation (i.e. local search) and exploration (i.e. global search) and prevents premature convergence while minimizing trapping in the local minima. Simulation results and comparison with other algorithms confirm high performance of the proposed algorithm.

在许多研究工作中，对具有不同目标（例如运营成本，空气污染和可再生能源的广泛使用）的微电网的最佳能源管理进行了研究。本文评估了微电网的不同运行模式对解决环境/经济调度问题的影响。微电网的不同运行模式包括孤岛运行，并网以及与主电网的单边或双边电力交换。帝国主义竞争算法（ICA）是一种进化算法，可以对竞争的帝国主义进行建模以吸收菌落并使用它来找到最佳解决方案。在本文中，提出了一种改进ICA算法的新方法，其中通过向殖民地添加方向和速度参数，根据殖民地的位置来自适应地调整殖民地向帝国主义的移动半径。因此，帝国主义者更加明智地吸引和排斥了殖民地。所提出的方法可以在开发（即本地搜索）和探索（即全局搜索）之间进行权衡，并防止过早收敛，同时最大程度地减少局部极小值中的陷阱。仿真结果以及与其他算法的比较证明了该算法的高性能。本地搜索）和探索（即全局搜索），并防止过早收敛，同时最大程度地减少局部极小值中的陷阱。仿真结果以及与其他算法的比较证明了该算法的高性能。本地搜索）和探索（即全局搜索），并防止过早收敛，同时最大程度地减少局部极小值中的陷阱。仿真结果以及与其他算法的比较证明了该算法的高性能。